Aquaculture Research

Research Article

Live Microalgae-Based Diets as Enrichment to Improve the Nutritional Profile of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana, 1849) Nauplii

Table 5

Proximal composition (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content; g/100 g dry weight) and fatty acid composition (mg/g dry weight) of copepods (A. tonsa) nauplii, fed with three microalgae diets (R, Rhodomonas salina; I–R, Isochrysis galbana + Rhodomonas salina; T–R, Tetraselmis suecica + Rhodomonas salina), n = 5.


Acartia tonsa	T–R	I–R	R

Lipids	18.0 ± 0.3^b	16.4 ± 0.5^a	15.9 ± 0.3^a
Proteins	71.8 ± 0.7^b	70.7 ± 0.7^b	68.1 ± 0.6^a
Carbohydrates	4.0 ± 0.4^a	6.4 ± 0.6^b	9.1 ± 0.6^c
Ash	6.3 ± 0.4	6.6 ± 0.6	6.9 ± 0.2
Moisture	7.2 ± 0.7	7.6 ± 0.6	8.4 ± 0.7
14 : 0	0.4 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.2
14 : 1n-5	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1
16 : 0	3.8 ± 0.4^c	1.2 ± 0.2^a	2.5 ± 0.3^b
16 : 1n-7	0.6 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0
16 : 3n-1	0.2 ± 0.0	–	–
18 : 0	1.3 ± 0.1^b	0.7 ± 0.1^a	1.4 ± 0.2^b
18 : 1n-9	1.3 ± 0.3^b	0.7 ± 0.1^a	0.6 ± 0.2^a
18 : 1n-7	0.6 ± 0.1^b	0.3 ± 0.0^a	0.4 ± 0.1^a
18 : 2n-6	0.7 ± 0.1^b	0.4 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a
18 : 3n-6	0.1 ± 0.0	–	–
18 : 3n-3	1.8 ± 0.2^b	1.0 ± 0.1^a	1.2 ± 0.1^a
18 : 4n-3	0.7 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1
20 : 1n-5	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	–
20 : 2n-6	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	–
20 : 4n-6 ARA	0.2 ± 0.0^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a	0.1 ± 0.0^a
20 : 3n-3	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0
20 : 4n-3	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1
20 : 5n-3 EPA	2.9 ± 0.3^ab	2.9 ± 0.1^b	2.5 ± 0.1^a
22 : 1n-11	0.1 ± 0.0	–	–
22 : 5n-3	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.1
22 : 6n-3 DHA	2.1 ± 0.3^a	6.7 ± 0.2^c	4.6 ± 0.2^b
Σn-3¹	7.8 ± 0.8^a	11.5 ± 0.3^c	9.2 ± 0.4^b
Σn-6²	1.1 ± 0.2^c	0.7 ± 0.2^b	0.4 ± 0.1^a
Σn-9³	1.5 ± 0.3^b	0.8 ± 0.1^a	0.8 ± 0.1^a
ΣSAFAs⁴	5.6 ± 0.5^b	2.5 ± 0.1^a	4.6 ± 0.4^b
ΣMUFAs⁵	3.2 ± 0.6^b	1.5 ± 0.1^a	1.7 ± 0.2^a
Σn-3 LC-PUFAs⁶	5.3 ± 0.5^a	9.9 ± 0.2^c	7.6 ± 0.4^b
ratio n-3/n-6	7.2 ± 1.7^a	17.2 ± 3.7^b	24.5 ± 5.0^b
ratio n-3/n-9	5.5 ± 0.9^a	14.7 ± 2.0^b	12.2 ± 2.1^b
ratio n-6/n-9	0.8 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.4	0.5 ± 0.1
ratio DHA/EPA	0.7 ± 0.1^a	2.3 ± 0.1^c	1.9 ± 0.1^b
ratio DHA/ARA	12.2 ± 3.2^a	96.8 ± 5.0^c	80.9 ± 6.7^b
ratio EPA/ARA	16.7 ± 3.6^a	42.0 ± 2.7^b	43.6 ± 3.2^b

Values (mean ± SD) followed by different superscripts within a row were () significantly different among the three treatments. n, number of replicates; SAFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid. ¹Includes 16 : 3n-3, 16 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-3, 18 : 4n-3, 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3. ²Includes 16 : 2n-6, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 2n-6, 20 : 3n-6, 20 : 4n-6, 22 : 4n-6 and 22 : 5n-6. ³Includes 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 2n-9, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 2n-9, 20 : 3n-9 and 22 : 1n-9. ⁴ Includes 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 0, and 20 : 0. ⁵Includes 14 : 1n-5, 14 : 1n-7, 15 : 1n-5, 16 : 1n-7, 16 : 1n-5, 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 1n-7, 18 : 1n-5, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 1n-7, 20 : 1n-5, 22 : 1n-9 and 22 : 1n-11. ⁶Includes 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3.