Functional Effects of Hydrolyzable Tannins on the Growth, Health Status, and Hepatopancreas Histology of Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Reared under Commercial Pond Conditions

Table 1

Composition (% as is) of the experimental diets.

Ingredients (% as is)	Experimental diets code
	BD	BD-0.1% HT	BD-0.2% HT	BD-0.3% HT	LFM 0.3% HT	BDTD-0.4% HT	CD	CDTD-0.4% HT
Menhaden fish meal^1	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	7.50	Basal diet top-coated with 0.4% HT	Commercial diet	Commercial diet and top-coated with 0.4% HT
Soybean meal^1	44.90	44.90	44.90	44.90	44.90
Corn gluten meal^1	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
Menhaden fish oil^1	5.66	5.66	5.66	5.66	5.66
Corn starch^1	10.34	10.24	10.14	10.04	12.54
Hydrolyzable tannins^2	–	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.30
Soy lecithin^4	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Wheat products^3	15.00	15.00	15.00	15.00	15.00
Mineral premix^5	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
Vitamin premix^6	1.90	1.90	1.90	1.90	1.90
L-Lysine HCl^4	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
DL-Methionine^4	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
L-Threonine^4	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
KP dibasic^4	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50

Note: ¹PT FKS Multi Agro. Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia. ²Farmatan Aqua^TM (Tanin Sevnica d.d., Slovenia). ³PT. Pundi Kencana, Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia. ⁴PT. Fenanza Putra Perkasa, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia. ⁵Trace mineral premix (g/100 g premix): cobalt chloride: 0.004; cupric sulfate pentahydrate: 0.550; ferrous sulfate: 2.000; magnesium sulfate anhydrous: 13.862; manganese sulfate monohydrate: 0.650; potassium iodide: 0.067; sodium selenite: 0.010; zinc sulfate heptahydrate: 13.193; alpha-cellulose: 69.664. ⁶Vitamin premix (g/kg premix): thiamine·HCl: 4.95; riboflavin: 3.83; pyridoxine·HCl: 4.00; Ca-pantothenate: 10.00; nicotinic acid: 10.00; biotin: 0.50; folic acid: 4.00; cyanocobalamin: 0.05; inositol: 25.00; vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU/g): 0.32; vitamin D3 (1,000,000 IU/g): 80.00; menadione: 0.50; alpha-cellulose: 856.81.