Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the Environment of Saudi Aquaculture as a New Class of Pollutants

Table 2

Main antibiotics reported to be used in aquaculture.

Country	Antibiotic classes	References
Bangladesh	Sulfonamides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, diaminopyrimidines	[50, 51]
Vietnam	Fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, diaminopyrimidines, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides	[52]
Thailand	β-lactams, diaminopyrimidines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines	[52]
China	Macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, amphenicols	[49, 53]
United Kingdom	Tetracyclines, quinolones, β-lactams	[54]
Italy	Tetracyclines, β-lactams, sulfonamides, quinolones	[54]
USA	Amphenicols (florfenicol), tetracyclines (oxytetracycline), sulfonamides (sulfa/trimethoprim and sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim)	[54]
South Korea	β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, amphenicols, diaminopyrimidines	[55]
Chile	Oxazolidines, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, diaminopyrimidines	[54]