Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing the vscO Gene as a Safe Live Oral Vaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus

Figure 5

qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of immune-related genes in spleen, head kidney, and intestine of grouper (n = 4 fish/group) after immunization. (a) IL-1β; (b) TNF-α; (c) IL-16; (d) MHC-1α. ^∗ < 0.05, ^∗∗ < 0.01.

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