Aquaculture Research

Research Article

Effects of Dietary Arginine Level on Growth Performance and Immune Response in Monopterus albus

Table 1

Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets % used for determining the effects of dietary arginine on the growth and biochemical activities of M.albus.


Ingredients	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6

Fish meal	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00
Casein	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Soybean meal	16.00	16.00	16.00	16.00	16.00	16.00
Corn gluten meal	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Wheat flour	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46	8.46
α starch	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00
Fish oil	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Ca (H₂PO₄)₂	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
Choline chloride (50%)	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Premix¹	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Amino acid mixture²	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
Crystalline glycine	3.00	2.40	1.80	1.20	0.60
Crystalline arginine		0.60	1.20	1.80	2.40	3.00
Calcium propanoate	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Ethoxyquin	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Nutrient levels ³
Moisture	8.01	8.42	8.88	8.49	8.57	8.24
Crude protein	47.64	47.32	48.06	47.17	47.45	48.13
Crude fat	5.54	5.49	5.14	5.37	5.52	5.36
Ash	8.07	7.87	8.04	7.86	7.80	8.30
Carbohydrates	30.74	30.90	29.88	30.89	30.66	29.97
Nitrogen free extract	29.48	29.63	28.61	29.63	29.39	28.71
Gross energy⁴	15.58	15.48	15.53	15.40	15.53	15.63

¹Provided by MGO Ter bio-tech (Qingdao, Shandong, China). Vitamin and mineral premix composition (mg/kg diet): KCl, 200; KI (1%), 60; CoCl₂·6H₂O (1%), 50; CuSO₄·5H₂O, 30; FeSO₄·H₂O, 400; ZnSO₄·H₂O, 400; MnSO₄·H₂O, 150; Na₂SeO₃·5H₂O (1%), 65; MgSO₄·H₂O, 2000; zeolite power, 3645.85; VB1, 12; riboflavin, 12; VB6, 8; VB12, 0.05; VK3, 8; inositol, 100; pantothenic acid, 40; nicotinic acid, 50; folic acid, 5; biotin, 0.8; VA, 25; VD3, 5; VE, 50; VC, 100; ethoxyquin, 150; wheat meal, 2 434.15. ²Amino acid mixture provides the following per kg of diet: Asp 4.89 g, Thr 2.38 g, Ser, 2.13 g, Glu 7.63 g, Pro 2.74 g, Ala 3.27 g, Cys 0.59 g, Val 2.51 g, Met 1.76 g, Ile 2.45 g, Leu 4.09 g, Tyr 1.83 g, Phe 2.24 g, His 1.26 g, Lys 4.74 g, Trp 0.47 g. ³Measured values. ⁴Calculated as protein 24 kJ/g, fat 38 kJ/g, starch 17 kJ/g.