Effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Supplementation on Water Quality, Shrimp Growth Performance, and Biofilm Bacterial Community Structure in Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture Systems

Table 1

Physicochemical parameters of the water in the different L. vannamei aquaculture systems.

Parameters	PBC	PBO	WEC	WEO
Temperature (°C)	27.5 ± 0.1^a (26.3–28.1)	27.4 ± 0.1^a (26.4–28.0)	27.7 ± 0.1^a (26.5–28.4)	27.8 ± 0.1^a (26.7–28.5)
Salinity (%)	14.94 ± 0.14^a (14.75–15.31)	15.02 ± 0.16^a (14.67–15.45)	14.98 ± 0.12^a (14.45–15.61)	14.99 ± 0.15^a (14.53–15.64)
DO (mg/L)	7.56 ± 0.02^a (7.10–7.93)	7.50 ± 0.02^a (7.19–7.70)	7.52 ± 0.01^a (7.34–7.70)	7.48 ± 0.01^a (7.21–7.68)
pH	7.87 ± 0.04^b (7.45–8.32)	7.80 ± 0.03^b (7.36–8.34)	8.09 ± 0.03^a (7.88–8.35)	8.09 ± 0.03^a (7.83–8.35)^a
Turbidity (NTU)	5.96 ± 0.20^b (1.25–13.45)	1.15 ± 0.02^c (0.93–1.63)	13.49 ± 0.23^a (1.25–26.85)	11.27 ± 0.36^a (1.19–22.25)
TAN (mg/L)	0.055 ± 0.003^a (0.007–0.078)	0.015 ± 0.001^b (0.004–0.022)	0.065 ± 0.001^a (0.009–0.095)	0.067 ± 0.001^a (0.008–0.096)
─N (mg/L)	2.19 ± 0.07^b (0.01–5.02)	0.34 ± 0.01^c (0.01–0.69)	4.47 ± 0.02^a (0.01–8.09)	4.54 ± 0.13^a (0.01–7.79)
─N (mg/L)	46.60 ± 2.02^a (2.24–84.98)	52.85 ± 2.08^a (2.25–95.04)	13.83 ± 1.06^b (2.21–32.85)	10.23 ± 0.70^b (2.20–22.30)
TP (mg/L)	0.23 ± 0.02^ab (0.01–0.57)	0.27 ± 0.02^a (0.01–0.66)	0.12 ± 0.01^b (0.01–0.322)	0.15 ± 0.01^ab (0.01–0.42)

Note: Mean values in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (). Abbreviations: PBC, system with precultured biofilm and C. pyrenoidosa; PBO, system only with precultured biofilm; WEC, system with water exchange and C. pyrenoidosa; WEO, system only with water exchange. Values are the means of three replicates ± standard deviations.