The Effects of Different Levels of Potassium Diformate and Calcium Diformate on Growth, Digestion Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Flora, Stress Markers, and Some Serum Biochemical Analytes in Juvenile Beluga Huso huso
Table 4
Antioxidant responses in H. huso fed feed supplemented with different levels of potassium diformate and calcium diformate for 60 days.
Parameters
Groups
Day 0
Day 30
Day 60
Catalase (U/mg)
Control
1.91 ± 0.77Aa
1.12 ± 0.39Ab
1.85 ± 0.51Ac
Potassium diformate 0.1
1.43 ± 0.25C,a
4.1 ± 1.36Aa
2.11 ± 0.32Bb
Potassium diformate 0.15
1.04 ± 0.3B,a
3.7 ± 0.25Aa
2.87 ± 0.07ABb
Potassium diformate 0.2
0.04 ± 1.4B,a
0.95 ± 0.34Bb
2.53 ± 0.21Ab
Calcium diformate 0.1
1.60 ± 0.14B,a
1.31 ± 0.51Bb
3.45 ± 0.36Aa
Calcium diformate 0.15
1.33 ± 0.26B,a
0.98 ± 0.27Bb
4.28 ± 0.67Aa
Calcium diformate 0.2
1.92 ± 0.32B,a
1.0 ± 0.26Bb
4.49 ± 0.86Aa
Superoxide dismutase (U/mg)
Control
4.61 ± 0.31Aa
4.17 ± 0.83Ab
4.87 ± 0.4Ab
Potassium diformate 0.1
4.6 ± 0.8Aa
5.86 ± 0.36Aab
5.13 ± 1.29Ab
Potassium diformate 0.15
4.79 ± 1.33a
7.7 ± 0.23Aa
4.78 ± 1.05Ba
Potassium diformate 0.2
4.67 ± 0.18Aa
5.47 ± 1.85Aab
4.9 ± 0.75Ab
Calcium diformate 0.1
4.19 ± 0.84Aa
4.01 ± 0.6Ab
4.78 ± 0.78Ab
Calcium diformate 0.15
4.86 ± 0.63Ba
7.58 ± 2.32Aa
7.8 ± 1.1Aa
Calcium diformate 0.2
4.52 ± 1.11Aa
3.44 ± 1.13Ab
5.21 ± 0.64Ab
Glutathione (U/mg)
Control
0.15 ± 0.05Aa
0.11 ± 0.03Ac
0.12 ± 0.05Ab
Potassium diformate 0.1
0.16 ± 0.06Aa
0.18 ± 0.08Ac
0.17 ± 0.07Ab
Potassium diformate 0.15
0.15 ± 0.05Aa
0.17 ± 0.07Ac
0.14 ± 0.04Ab
Potassium diformate 0.2
0.12 ± 0.02Ba
0.13 ± 0.03Bc
0.42 ± 0.12Aa
Calcium diformate 0.1
0.12 ± 0.02Ba
0.21 ± 0.02Abc
0.15 ± 0.07Bb
Calcium diformate 0.15
0.18 ± 0.06Ba
0.24 ± 0.03Ab
0.16 ± 0.06Bb
Calcium diformate 0.2
0.16 ± 0.06Ba
0.52 ± 0.02Aa
0.14 ± 0.04Bb
Malondialdehyde (U/mg)
Control
16.89 ± 4.17Aa
13.44 ± 2.7Aa
15.11 ± 1.6Aa
Potassium diformate 0.1
13.77 ± 3.56Aa
14.99 ± 4.06Aa
17.13 ± 5.75Aa
Potassium diformate 0.15
13.8 ± 2.02Aa
6.37 ± 1.23Bb
7.46 ± 3.51Bb
Potassium diformate 0.2
15.32 ± 5.28Aa
14.3 ± 4.64Aa
5.29 ± 1.01Bc
Calcium diformate 0.1
13.08 ± 4.76Aa
8.09 ± 2.14Bb
5.88 ± 1.44Bc
Calcium diformate 0.15
12.76 ± 4.48Aa
13.64 ± 3.9Aa
8.15 ± 2.38Bb
Calcium diformate 0.2
14.66 ± 4.55Aa
12.57 ± 2.9Aa
8.83 ± 0.8Bb
Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between each of the experimental groups at various sampling time points (row) (). Different capital letters denote significant differences between the experimental groups at a specified time point (column) (). Data were expressed as means ± SEM (n = 9).