Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Table 1

Ingredients and nutritional composition of diet for C. carpio fingerlings.

Basic ingredients (%)	Diet (%)
Soybean meal	22
Fish meal	24
Wheat flour	23
Corn flour	25
Sunflower oil	4
Vitamin and mineral premix^1,2	2
Chemical composition (%) dry matter
Dry matter	83.5
Crude protien	30
Crude fiber	3.5
Crude lipid	7.9
Ash	10.2
NFE^3	31.9
Energy^4 (kJ/g)	15.59

¹Vitamin premix: vitamin A (18,000 IU), vitamin B D3 (2500 U), vitamin E (250 mg/kg), vitamin K3 (12 mg/kg), vitamin B1 (25 mg), vitamin B2 (50 mg), vitamin B3 (270 mg), vitamin B6 (20 mg), vitamin B12 (0.06 mg), vitamin C (200 mg), folic acid (10 mg), calcium d–pantothenate (50 mg), biotin (1 mg), inositol (120 mg), and choline chloride (2000 mg). ²Mineral premix: Fe (75.3 mg), Cu (12.2 mg), Mn (206 mg), Zn (85 mg), I (3 mg), Se (0.350 mg), and Co (1 mg). ³Nitrogen–free extracts (NFE) dry matter – (crude lipid + crude ash + crude protein + crude fiber). ⁴Energy calculated according to 23.6 kJ g⁻¹ protein, 39.5 kJ g⁻¹ lipid, and 17.0 kJ g⁻¹ NFE.