Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Table 6

Stress and nonspecific immune parameters of C. carpio fingerlings in different duration reared under different carbon sources in BFT system.

Parameters	Groups	20 days	40 days	60 days	Carbon source	Time	Interaction
Glucose (mg/dL)	Control	142.21 ± 1.43^a	129.72 ± 1.23^a	98.42 ± 1.02^a
	Sugarcane molasses	98.92 ± 1.22^b	93.72 ± 2.68^b	74.62 ± 1.13^b
	Tapioca	72.44 ± 1.42^c	92.63 ± 1.73^b	46.38 ± 2.56^d
	Wheat	99.87 ± 1.04^b	74.76 ± 1.01^c	55.24 ± 1.47^c
Cortisol (ng/mL)	Control	97.12 ± 0.72^a	68.52 ± 0.61^a	52.31 ± 0.56^a
	Sugarcane molasses	67.44 ± 1.32^c	66.13 ± 0.82^a	38.63 ± 0.72^b
	Tapioca	39.71 ± 0.41^d	67.34 ± 0.62^a	16.52 ± 0.56^d
	Wheat	73.52 ± 0.81^b	38.36 ± 0.61^b	21.61 ± 0.56^c
Total serum protein (mg/dL)	Control	2.39 ± 0.03^a	3.37 ± 0.52^b	3.69 ± 0.42^cb			NS
	Sugarcane molasses	1.73 ± 0.03^b	3.19 ± 0.34^b	3.47 ± 0.17^cb
	Tapioca	2.41 ± 0.02^a	4.63 ± 0.13^a	6.48 ± 0.44^a
	Wheat	1.88 ± 0.04^b	3.68 ± 0.03^ba	4.67 ± 0.53^b
Total serum globulin (mg/dL)	Control	0.39 ± 0.09^b	1.77 ± 0.21^a	1.86 ± 0.16^cb			NS
	Sugarcane molasses	0.47 ± 0.09^b	1.66 ± 0.32^a	1.75 ± 0.22^c
	Tapioca	1.05 ± 0.02^a	2.53 ± 0.03^a	4.47 ± 0.34^a
	Wheat	1.19 ± 0.07^a	2.09 ± 0.01^a	2.82 ± 0.58^b
Total serum albumin (mg/dL)	Control	1.89 ± 0.06^a	1.47 ± 0.03^b	1.78 ± 0.02^b	NS	NS	NS
	Sugarcane molasses	1.35 ± 0.09^c	1.48 ± 0.06^b	1.69 ± 0.04^b
	Tapioca	1.38 ± 0.02^cb	1.79 ± 0.11^a	2.02 ± 0.12^a
	Wheat	0.69 ± 0.05^d	1.48 ± 0.05^b	1.68 ± 0.05^b
Total immunoglobulin (mg/dL)	Control	1.41 ± 0.03^a	1.55 ± 0.13^b	2.04 ± 0.31^b
	Sugarcane molasses	1.13 ± 0.12^b	2.57 ± 0.13^a	1.98 ± 0.04^b
	Tapioca	1.53 ± 0.12^a	2.77 ± 0.17^a	4.81 ± 0.21^a
	Wheat	1.24 ± 0.03^c	2.88 ± 0.16^a	4.35 ± 0.71^a

Note: Within the same column, the mean shows different superscripts are different significantly. NS, nonsignificant; , least significant; , significant; , highly significant.