Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Growth and Production of Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) in a Zero-Water Exchange Biofloc Culture System

Figure 1

Daily mean (±SE): (a) temperature (°C), (b) pH, (c) dissolved oxygen (DO; mg L⁻¹), (d) ammonia–nitrogen (mg L⁻¹), (e) nitrite–nitrogen (mg L⁻¹), and (f) nitrate–nitrogen (mg L⁻¹) in control and four different carbon sources using biofloc systems for the culture of Brachionus plicatilis. CON: control; MO: molasses; RB: rice bran; MS: maize starch; and PKE: palm kernel expeller.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)