Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Growth and Production of Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) in a Zero-Water Exchange Biofloc Culture System

Table 2

Water quality parameters in control and the various carbon sources using biofloc treatments during a 4-day rotifer, B. plicatilis culture.

Variables	Control	Carbon sources
		MO	RB	MS	PKE
Temperature (°C)	27.07 ± 0.02^a	28.08 ± 0.03^a	28.18 ± 0.04^a	28.11 ± 0.03^a	28.11 ± 0.01^a
pH	7.37 ± 0.02^a	7.06 ± 0.04^b	7.09 ± 0.04^b	7.11 ± 0.04^b	7.08 ± 0.04^b
DO (mg L^−1)	7.55 ± 0.06^a	6.70 ± 0.29^ab	6.91 ± 0.21^ab	6.76 ± 0.13^ab	6.66 ± 0.27^b
TAN (mg L^−1)	3.33 ± 0.92^a	0.43 ± 0.09^b	0.58 ± 0.16^b	0.79 ± 0.19^b	0.52 ± 0.11^b
NO2–N (mg L^−1)	0.18 ± 0.06^a	0.33 ± 0.06^a	0.35 ± 0.06^a	0.37 ± 0.06^a	0.33 ± 0.06^a
NO3–N (mg L^−1)	1.25 ± 0.65^b	8.75 ± 2.22^a	5.83 ± 1.20^ab	5.83 ± 1.20^ab	5.41 ± 1.29^ab
SS (mL L^−1)	0.58 ± 0.31^b	7.16 ± 1.84^a	7.25 ± 1.88^a	1.83 ± 0.63^b	2.41 ± 0.82^ab

Mean values with the same superscript letters in the same row were not significantly different (), while different letters did significantly differ (). CON: control; MO: molasses; RB: rice bran; MS: maize starch; and PKE: palm kernel expeller.