Review Article
Impact of Peripheral Nerve Block Technique on Incidence of Phrenic Nerve Palsy in Shoulder Surgery
Table 2
Summary of data from studies of the superior trunk block (n = 6).
| Study | Needle position | n | Local anaesthetic | Median worst postoperative pain score | Total HDP incidence (%) | Type | Volume (mL) | Concentration (%) |
| Kang et al. [47] | Lateral | 38 | Ropivacaine (+5 μg/ml epinephrine) | 15 | 0.50 | 3 | 76.3 |
| Kim et al. [49] | Posteroinferior (10 mL) and anterior (5 mL) | 62 | Bupivacaine | 15 | 0.50 | 0 | 4.8 |
| Kim et al. [48] | Lateral | 35 | Ropivacaine | 5 | 0.50 | 5 | 14.3 | Lateral | 35 | Ropivacaine | 15 | 0.50 | 3 | 65.7 |
| Lee et al. [50] | Posterior (10 mL) and anterior (10 mL) | 24 | Lidocaine and ropivacaine | 10, 10 | 2.00, 0.75 | — | 70.8 |
| Robles et al. [81] | Posterior | 30 | Bupivacaine | 12 ( ± up to 3 mL as required) | 0.50 | — | 60.0 |
| Zhang et al. [19] | Subparaneural | 48 | Ropivacaine | 5 | 0.50 | 2 | 16.7 |
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