Incidence of Hyperlipidemia among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), USA, 2007–2021

Table 2

Hyperlipidemia¹ incidence rates (per 100 person years) and rate ratios among ART-naïve adults with HIV initiating ART in the HIV Outpatient Study, USA, 2007–2021 (N = 349).

	IR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	value^2	aRR^3 (95% CI)	value^2
Total	16.0 (13.9, 18.6)
ART regimen type
RAL	12.8 (8.4–19.4)	Ref		Ref
DTG	22.3 (15.2–32.7)	1.75 (0.99, 3.08)	0.05	1.73 (0.95, 3.17)	0.07
INSTI-others^4	22.7 (16.3–31.7)	1.78 (1.04, 3.04)	0.03	2.25 (1.29, 3.93)	0.005
Non-INSTI-PI	17.4 (12.9–23.4)	1.36 (0.81, 2.27)	0.24	1.89 (1.12, 3.19)	0.018
Non-INSTI-non-PI	12.6 (9.7–16.4)	0.99 (0.60, 1.62)	0.96	1.55 (0.92, 2.62)	0.09
Age/10 years	NA	1.31 (1.02, 1.64)	<0.0001	1.38 (1.22, 1.57)	<0.0001
BMI/5 units	NA	1.11 (0.89, 1.38)	0.06
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	25.6 (19.7, 33.4)	1.86 (1.35, 2.55)	<0.0001	2.22 (1.61, 3.08)	<0.0001
Others	13.8 (11.6, 16.4)	Ref		Ref
Type of HOPS site
Public	24.5 (19.2, 31.1)	Ref
Private	13.4 (11.2, 16.1)	0.55 (0.41, 0.74)	<0.0001
Sex at birth
Female	15.7 (11.8, 21.0)	0.97 (0.69, 1.36)	0.86
Male	16.2 (13.7, 19.1)	Ref
Nadir CD4 count/100 cells	NA^3	0.95 (0.89, 1.03)	0.23
TDF use
Yes	13.2 (11.0, 15.8)	Ref		Ref
No (TAF and ABC)	27.1 (21.2, 34.7)	2.05 (1.51, 2.79)	0.001	1.84 (1.23, 2.75)	0.003

ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; aRR, adjusted rate ratios; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DTG, dolutegravir; RAL, raltegravir; INSTIs, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; IR, incidence rate; NA, not applicable; PI, protease inhibitor; RR, rate ratio; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. ¹Hyperlipidemia is defined based on diagnosis, starting antilipidemic treatments, non-HDL-C ≥160 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, or total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL. ² values were derived from the chi-squared test. ³aRR was derived from Poisson regression, and the model was adjusted for age/10 years, race/ethnicity, type of the HOPS site, and TDF use. The ⁴INSTI-others group included bictegravir and elvitegravir.