Hybrid PSf/TNT-SO₃H Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling by Sodium Alginate: Effect of Permeation Flux on Fouling Resistance and Desalination Efficiency

Table 2

Physicochemical characteristics comprising porosity water uptake, contact angles, and the surface ζ at for the fabricated ultrafiltration membranes.

Membrane	φ (%)	ε (%)	Contact angle (°)	(mv)
M-0	66.25	38.74	77.83	-11.2
M-1	72.38	38.97	73.72	-14.6
M-2	75.5	48.42	71.39	-16.2
M-5	77.14	56.60	70.27	-18.7
M-10	78.18	64.37	60.1	-21.7