Zeolite Application in Wastewater Treatment

Table 1

Structural and physicochemical characteristics of most important natural and synthetic zeolites used in effluent treatment.

Zeolite	Chemical formula	Framework structure	Channel dimensions (Å)	Cation exchange capacity (CEC) (meq·g^-1)	Crystalline system	Space group	Framework density (T/1000 Å^3)	References
Natural
Clinoptilolite	(K2,Na2,Ca)3Al6Si30O72·21H2O	HEU	[001]; [100]	2.2	Monoclinic	C2/m	17.5	[76, 116, 117]
Mordenite	Na8Al8Si40O96·24H20	MOR	[001]	2.3	Orthorhombic	Cmcm	17.2	[76, 116, 117]
Chabazite	Ca6Al12Si24O72·40H2O	CHA		3.8	Rhombohedral	R3m	14.5	[76, 116, 117]
Phillipsite	K2,(Ca,Na2)2Al6Si10O32·12H2O	PHI	[100]; [010]; [001]	3.3	Monoclinic	P21/m	15.8	[76, 116, 117]
Analcime	Na16Al16Si32O96·16H2O	ANA		4.5	Cubic	Ia3d	18.5	[76, 116, 117]
Erionite	(Ca,Na2)3.5K2Al9Si27O72·27H2O	ERI		3.1	Hexagonal	P63/mmc	15.7	[76, 116, 117]
Scolecite	Ca4Al8Si12O40·12H2O	NAT	[100]; [001]	5.2	Monoclinic	Cc	16.2	[48, 73, 76]
Thomsonite	Na4Ca8Al20Si20O80·24H2O	THO	[100]; [010]; [001]	—	Orthorhombic	Pncn	17.7	[116]
Sodalite	Na8Cl2Al6Si6O24	SOD		—	Cubic	P43n	17.2	[116]
Synthetic
X	Na58Al58Si134O384·240H2O	FAU		6.0	Cubic	Fd-3	13.3	[116, 118, 119]
Y	Na58Al58Si134O384·240H2O	FAU		3.9	Cubic	Fd-3m	13.3	[116, 118]
A	Na96Al96Si96O384·216H2O	LTA		5.3	Cubic	Fm3c	12.9	[116, 120, 121]
ZSM-5		MFI		2.1	Orthorhombic	Pnma	17.9	[116, 122]
ZSM-11		MEL		—	Tetragonal	I4m2	17.6	[116]
H-USY	—	FAU		3.6	Cubic	Fd-3 m	13.3	[116, 123]
Beta	Na7Al7Si57O128	BEA		1.8	Tetragonal	P4122	15.1	[116, 123]
ZK-5	Na30Al30Si66O192·98H2O	KFI		—	Cubic	Im3m	14.6	[116]