Concentrations of Lead in Groundwater and Human Blood in the Population of Palosai, a Rural Area in Pakistan: Human Exposure and Risk Assessment

Table 1

Mean concentrations of physical parameters in the groundwater samples.

Parameters	Tube wells		Wells		Pak-EPA^a	WHO^b
	Ranges	Mean value	Ranges	Mean values
pH	6.98-7.54	7.29	7.04-7.57	7.23	6.5-8.5	6.5-8.5
DO (mg/L)	3.08-3.23	3.18	3.18-3.22	3.2	4	4
EC (μs/cm)	175-710	323.75	152-674	398.2	1500	1500
Salinity (%)	BDL-0.02	0.005	BDL-0.01	0.006	—	—

^aPakistan Environmental Protection Agency (2008), ^bWorld Health Organization (2008). BDL: below detection limit.