[Retracted] Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution using Industrial Pepper Seed Spent: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center" colspan="10">2-parameter isotherms</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" colspan="2">Langmuir</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">Freundlich</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">Jovanovich</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">Tempkin</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">Harkins-Jura</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 20.2077ptpx;"><svg height="10.7866pt" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-2.150701pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.2077 10.7866" width="20.2077pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M699 368C699 549 574 666 407 666C186 666 23 488 23 277C23 113 129 -3 288 -13L307 -26C431 -111 501 -139 533 -147C559 -154 613 -163 658 -164L666 -141C597 -111 507 -66 430 -11L416 -1C580 42 699 190 699 368ZM601 371C601 227 518 54 381 22L354 40L278 24C175 47 120 145 120 269C120 451 235 631 398 631C540 631 601 521 601 371Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.778,0)"><path d="M766 88L752 113C719 83 690 64 681 64C674 64 672 74 679 103L724 292C758 436 724 448 701 448C680 448 666 442 639 429C594 407 514 350 441 252H439L447 289C476 423 450 448 419 448C398 448 379 441 355 427C307 400 234 344 162 249H160L180 324C203 409 197 448 170 448C144 448 82 413 23 349L35 321C57 343 96 374 108 374C115 374 117 371 111 341C87 227 57 112 24 -6L32 -12C53 -4 81 4 108 6C119 68 134 128 149 171C177 229 309 383 364 383C387 383 388 355 373 282C354 190 330 92 303 -6L309 -12C332 -4 356 3 386 6C396 63 411 122 424 171C458 236 590 383 642 383C658 383 664 369 652 315L603 91C587 20 593 -12 619 -12C642 -12 708 23 766 88Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">204.79</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 15.4798ptpx;"><svg height="11.8174pt" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 15.4798 11.8174" width="15.4798pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 650H503L496 622L527 618C563 613 564 603 532 573C449 495 371 431 323 392C301 374 272 355 246 346L280 522C297 609 300 614 379 622L385 650H135L129 622C209 614 215 609 198 522L124 133C106 39 99 35 23 28L17 0H271L277 28C193 35 192 39 208 133L239 316C264 328 280 325 303 288C368 183 435 90 502 0H652L659 28C602 34 584 43 543 94C495 154 403 283 347 369L574 554C634 603 659 612 735 624L743 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.23,3.132)"><path d="M606 650H137L129 618C217 609 221 609 203 518L129 129C115 46 106 40 26 32L18 0H300L307 32C210 40 203 45 218 129L249 305H358C454 305 455 296 457 219H491L531 425H497C465 353 463 350 366 350H259L300 569C306 605 310 611 346 611H444C522 611 535 598 541 578C550 557 553 519 552 485L588 489L606 650Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">3.06</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 20.2077ptpx;"><svg height="10.7866pt" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-2.150701pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.2077 10.7866" width="20.2077pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M699 368C699 549 574 666 407 666C186 666 23 488 23 277C23 113 129 -3 288 -13L307 -26C431 -111 501 -139 533 -147C559 -154 613 -163 658 -164L666 -141C597 -111 507 -66 430 -11L416 -1C580 42 699 190 699 368ZM601 371C601 227 518 54 381 22L354 40L278 24C175 47 120 145 120 269C120 451 235 631 398 631C540 631 601 521 601 371Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.778,0)"><path d="M766 88L752 113C719 83 690 64 681 64C674 64 672 74 679 103L724 292C758 436 724 448 701 448C680 448 666 442 639 429C594 407 514 350 441 252H439L447 289C476 423 450 448 419 448C398 448 379 441 355 427C307 400 234 344 162 249H160L180 324C203 409 197 448 170 448C144 448 82 413 23 349L35 321C57 343 96 374 108 374C115 374 117 371 111 341C87 227 57 112 24 -6L32 -12C53 -4 81 4 108 6C119 68 134 128 149 171C177 229 309 383 364 383C387 383 388 355 373 282C354 190 330 92 303 -6L309 -12C332 -4 356 3 386 6C396 63 411 122 424 171C458 236 590 383 642 383C658 383 664 369 652 315L603 91C587 20 593 -12 619 -12C642 -12 708 23 766 88Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">129.4</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 11.5ptpx;"><svg height="12.4698pt" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 11.5 12.4698" width="11.5pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M452 333C452 398 425 448 375 448C329 448 235 404 140 292H138L229 683C233 701 234 712 225 712C208 712 149 686 66 677L64 652H97C135 652 140 651 129 598L38 167C23 96 29 57 44 33C60 7 98 -12 132 -12C169 -12 232 3 290 41C383 102 452 223 452 333ZM365 316C365 199 308 87 239 49C221 39 200 35 183 35C137 35 99 70 112 163C116 191 123 215 129 233C190 316 290 392 330 392C348 392 365 372 365 316Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.992,3.132)"><path d="M655 676H628C608 656 600 650 571 650H156C118 650 114 651 102 676H77C63 615 45 548 24 485L60 486C81 531 97 562 114 580C134 603 148 611 252 611H308L217 127C201 41 196 38 105 32L98 0H384L393 32C300 38 288 41 304 127L393 611H466C553 611 571 604 582 580C592 559 597 530 595 485L630 489C636 548 645 624 655 676Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">82.24</td><td class="align_center">Ahj</td><td class="align_center">1028.42</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 14.2285ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.2285 11.927" width="14.2285pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 650H503L496 622L527 618C563 613 564 603 532 573C449 495 371 431 323 392C301 374 272 355 246 346L280 522C297 609 300 614 379 622L385 650H135L129 622C209 614 215 609 198 522L124 133C106 39 99 35 23 28L17 0H271L277 28C193 35 192 39 208 133L239 316C264 328 280 325 303 288C368 183 435 90 502 0H652L659 28C602 34 584 43 543 94C495 154 403 283 347 369L574 554C634 603 659 612 735 624L743 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.23,3.132)"><path d="M463 633C453 636 427 644 417 648C388 660 349 667 316 667C183 667 100 592 100 483C100 398 176 335 223 305L259 282C321 242 358 203 358 149C358 66 301 22 234 22C110 22 70 131 57 208L24 205L28 48C51 23 128 -17 215 -17C342 -17 446 60 446 174C446 262 394 310 317 361L284 383C229 420 183 455 183 515C183 569 222 628 298 628C384 628 418 563 428 481L461 487C459 527 458 593 463 633Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">0.007</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 12.7005ptpx;"><svg height="9.14241pt" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.7005 9.14241" width="12.7005pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.461,3.132)"><path d="M606 650H137L129 618C217 609 221 609 203 518L129 129C115 46 106 40 26 32L18 0H300L307 32C210 40 203 45 218 129L249 305H358C454 305 455 296 457 219H491L531 425H497C465 353 463 350 366 350H259L300 569C306 605 310 611 346 611H444C522 611 535 598 541 578C550 557 553 519 552 485L588 489L606 650Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1.4</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 14.0184ptpx;"><svg height="13.1967pt" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-4.560801pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.0184 13.1967" width="14.0184pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 650H503L496 622L527 618C563 613 564 603 532 573C449 495 371 431 323 392C301 374 272 355 246 346L280 522C297 609 300 614 379 622L385 650H135L129 622C209 614 215 609 198 522L124 133C106 39 99 35 23 28L17 0H271L277 28C193 35 192 39 208 133L239 316C264 328 280 325 303 288C368 183 435 90 502 0H652L659 28C602 34 584 43 543 94C495 154 403 283 347 369L574 554C634 603 659 612 735 624L743 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.23,3.132)"><path d="M434 650H168L162 618C248 609 258 608 243 528L174 155C163 93 153 39 138 1C110 -68 67 -98 24 -111L37 -147C55 -144 75 -136 94 -128C185 -87 232 -12 259 139L328 528C342 605 349 609 427 618L434 650Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">0.01</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 12.9875ptpx;"><svg height="12.4698pt" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 12.9875 12.4698" width="12.9875pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.474,3.132)"><path d="M655 676H628C608 656 600 650 571 650H156C118 650 114 651 102 676H77C63 615 45 548 24 485L60 486C81 531 97 562 114 580C134 603 148 611 252 611H308L217 127C201 41 196 38 105 32L98 0H384L393 32C300 38 288 41 304 127L393 611H466C553 611 571 604 582 580C592 559 597 530 595 485L630 489C636 548 645 624 655 676Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">0.13</td><td class="align_center">Bhj</td><td class="align_center">2.16</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="10"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Calculated parametric values of 2-parameter isotherms.</div>

Adsorption Science & Technology

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: [Retracted] Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution using Industrial Pepper Seed Spent: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies 

Table 4 | [Retracted] Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution using Industrial Pepper Seed Spent: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies 