A Review of the Modeling of Adsorption of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water Using Artificial Neural Networks

Table 4

Summary of the ANN modeling of the multicomponent adsorption of water pollutants at dynamic operating conditions.

Adsorbent	Adsorbate	ANN model	Experiment	Data used (Training-Testing-Validation)	Input variables	Output variables	Pollutants removal	Reference
Biochar	Cd^2+, Ni^2+, Zn^2+, Cu^2+	Feed forward back propagation, feed forward back propagation with distributed time delay, Cascade forward, Elman	Fixed-bed	994-213-213	C0, t	Ct/C0	Cd^2+ 5.17 mmol/g, Ni^2+ 2.01 mmol/g, Zn^2+ 4.38 mmol/g, Cu^2+ 5.40 mmol/g	[41]
Date palm biochar	Ortho-cresol and phenol	Feed-forward and nonlinear regression generalized decay-function	Fixed-bed column	--	C0, F, Db, m, t	Residual concentration	--	[49]
Chitosan/zeolite	Bisphenol A, carbamazepine, ketoprofen, tonalide	Three-layer feed-forward Levenberg Marquardt (2-4-1)	Fixed-bed, RSM (CCD)	60-20-20	C0, pH	Adsorption capacity	Bisphenol A 37.11 mg/g, carbamazepine 41.24 mg/g, ketoprofen 5.92 mg/g, tonalide 3.61 mg/g	[77]
Activated carbon	Pesticides	Static and recurrent neural network (13-6-1), (8-3-1)	Fixed-bed	6044-0-3705	Solubility, molecular weight, C0, initial total organic carbon, Freundlich parameters, secondary micropore volume, C/Co at time (k-1)T	Normalized concentration C/C0 at time kT.	160 mg/g	[171]
Bone char	Cu^2+, Zn^2+	Feed-forward network and backpropagation algorithm	Fixed-bed	504-108-108 single, 1008-216-216 binary	Metal properties (molecular weight, electronegativity and ionic radius), C0, F, Db, t	Ct/C0	Cu^2+ 51.8 mg/g, Zn^2+ 41.1 mg/g	[177]
Bone char	Cd^2+, Ni^2+, Zn^2+	Fuzzy ANN	Fixed-bed	70-15-15	C0, hydration energy, electronegativity, hydrated ionic radii, molecular weight	Ct/C0	--	[178]
Rice bran	As^3+, As^5+	Multi-layer feed-forward back-propagation, Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (4-7-5-1), (3-5-7-1)	Equilibrium and fixed-bed, RSM /CCD)	41-0-10	Batch: pH, C0, T, m; Dynamic: Db, F, C0	Adsorption capacity	As^3+ 41.55 μg/g,; A^5+ 45.60 μg/g	[306]
Anion base resin	Residual color in palm oil mill effluent	Wavelet ANN (3-6-1)	Fixed-bed	70 data	pH, F, Db	Residual color was the experimental response	4.63 mg/g	[307]

Nomenclature: central composite design (CCD), depth of bed (Db), flow rate (), inlet concentration (), mass of bed (), outlet concentration (Ct), and response surface methodology (RSM).