Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution on Using Aged Refuse: Resource Recovery and Environmental Applications

Table 3

Comparison of chromium removal from aqueous solution using aged refuse with other adsorbents.

Type of the adsorbent	Mode of the study	Optimum values in operating conditions	Kinetic studies/modeling	Adsorption capacity/%removal	Reference
Chemically modified dried water hyacinth roots	Batch	pH=3; adsorbent  g/L; adsorbent  mg/L; °C; contact  hr	Freundlich isotherm; pseudo-second-order; Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion	95.43%	[36]
Unmodified saw dust	Batch and column study	; contact  min; °C	Freundlich model; pseudo-second-order	99% at first 2 minutes	[37]
Magnetic snail shell	Batch study	pH=3; contact  min; initial  mg/maximum; adsorbent	Pseudo-second-order; Langmuir isotherm	18.89 mg/g	[38]
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA)	Batch adsorption study; column adsorption study	; adsorbent  g/L; contact  min	Freundlich isotherm; pseudo-second-order	0.464 mg/g	[21]
Low-cost adsorbents (groundnut seed cake powder, sesame seed cake powder, coconut cake powder)	Batch adsorption technique	; contact  hr (60 min);  g; initial ion  mg/L; °C	Langmuir isotherm; pseudo-second-order	99.7% removal	[26]
Groundnut shell	Batch experiments	Contact  min; ; adsorbent  g/L; initial metal ion  mg/L; °C	Temkin isotherm	96 mg/g	[19]
Graphene oxide (GO) prepared from graphite	Batch mode	; adsorbent  g; contact  min; °C	Langmuir model	92.8% acidic	[31]
Amine impregnated crab shells	Batch process	°C; initial concentration of Cr (VI): 100 mg/L; adsorbent concentration: 1.0 g/L; initial solution pH: 2.0	Langmuir model; pseudo-second-order	36.865 mg/g	[39]
Sulphuric acid modified aged refuse	Batch study	; adsorbent  g/L; contact  min; °C; initial chromium (VI) ions  mg/L	Langmuir and pseudo-first-order	195.54 mg/g	Present study