Competitive Removal of Perchlorate Ions by Quaternary Amine Modified Reed in the Presence of Nitrate and Phosphate

Figure 1

Isotherm and pH effects on MR adsorption of nitrate and phosphate. (a) Adsorption of anions by MR (2.0 g/L) and the fitted L-F isotherm model at pH with a contact time of 24 h. (b) Effect of pH on anion removal by MR. Initial mg/L; initial  mg/L; initial  mg/L; °C. (c) Phosphate speciation diagram as a function of pH in solution at an ionic strength of 0.01 M. At pH of , phosphate is present as H₂PO₄^- and HPO₄^2- at a ratio of 1.0 : 0.6, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)