Review Article
A Need for Consistency in Behavioral Phenotyping for ASD: Analysis of the Valproic Acid Model
Table 1
Valproic acid model and behavioral testing details.
| Reference | Strain/species | VPA dose | Injection site | Time of exposure | Group numbers | Sex | Sexes analyzed separately? | Age behavioral testing | # of different behavior tests |
| Schneider and Przewlocki [7] | Wistar rats | 600 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 8 saline 8 VPA | Males only | — | P90–120 | 9 | Markram et al. [8] | Wistar Han rats | 500 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 136 saline 138 VPA | Males and females | No | P90 | 7 | Dufour-Rainfray et al.[9] | Wistar rats | 600 mg/kg | IP | E9 | 12 saline 12 VPA | Males only | — | P31 | 1 | Gandal et al. [10] | C57BL/6Hsd mice | 600 mg/kg | S.C. | E13 | 10–12 saline 10–12 VPA | Males and females | No | P35–75 | 7 | Kataoka et al. [5] | ICR mice | 500 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 18–24 saline 16–27 VPA | Males and females | Yes (female in supplementary) | P56 | 4 | Chen et al. [11] | Sprague Dawley rats | 500 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 21 saline 25 VPA | Males only | — | P28–30 | 3 | Kim et al. [12] | ICR mice | 300 mg/kg | S.C. | E10 | 10–12 saline 10–12 VPA | Not specified | — | P21–40 | 7 | Bambini-Junior et al. [13] | Wistar rats | 600 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 7 saline 12–19 VPA | Males only | — | P35–50 | 1 | Kang and Kim [14] | C57BL6/J mice | 600 mg/kg | S.C. | E13.5 | 11-12 saline 9-10 VPA | Not specified | — | P56–120 | 4 | Baronio et al. [15] | Swiss mice | 500 mg/kg | IP | E11 | 8 saline 8 VPA | Males only | — | P50 | 3 | Campolongo et al. [16] | Outbred Cr1Fcen CF1 mice | 600 mg/kg | S.C. | E12.5 | 21 saline 22 VPA | Males and females | Yes (female data unpublished) | P56 | 10 | Bronzuoli et al. [17] | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 5 saline 5 VPA | Males only | — | P35, 90 | 2 | Sgritta et al. [18] | C57BL/6J mice | 500 mg/kg | IP | E12.5 | 7–10 saline 7–10 VPA | Males only | — | P49–70 | 4 |
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E, embryonic day; VPA, valproic acid; P, postnatal day; IP, intraperitoneal; S.C., subcutaneous; not including treatment groups. |