[Retracted] Processing and Characterization of Novel Bio-Waste Hybrid Brick Composites for Pollution Control

Table 3

Characterizations of cocco and waste wheat straw bricks (mechanical, physical, and chemical).

Properties	Standard used	BA-1	BA-2	BA-3	BA-4
% Porosity	ASTM C 29/C 29M-97	7	9	11	14
% Ash content	ASTMD570-98	63	67	60	75
% Water Absorption	IS 1077 : 1992	9	9.5	10	11
Density [kg/m^3]	IS 2185-1 (2005)	1700	1620	1510	1450
Crushing strength (N/mm^2)	ASTM C1314-14	3.05	2.90	2.60	2.30
% Heat swelling	SAE J 160 JNU80	3	3.8	5	7
Impact Energy (N-m)	ASTM D256	0.47	0.53	0.57	0.490
Shear bound strength (MPa)	RILEM TC 127-MS	0.3	0.29	0.27	0.25
Tensile strength (MPa)	ASTM C1314-14	1.4	1.5	1.0	0.9
Flexural bound strength (MPa)	ASTM E518	0.48	0.42	0.39	0.35
Modulus of elasticity (MPa)	ASTM C1314-14	16.42	15.6	15	14