A Survey on Nanotechnology-Based Bioremediation of Wastewater

Table 1

Effects of heavy metals on human health.

S. no.	Reference	Materials	Definition	Effects
1	[24]	Copper	(i) Drinking water; (ii) Food	Acute gastrointestinal problems, liver damage, and newborns are all possible side effects. Cr-(VI) is a carcinogen classified as category one.
2	[25]	Cobalt	Naturally occurring in a variety of forms and a component of a variety of manmade sources. Other forms of exposure include occupational, nutritional, and medicinal consumption.	Hematological and endocrine disorders, as well as failing MoM hip implants, have all been reported.
3	[26]	Europium	(i) Rare Earth metals; (ii) Nuclear rods; (iii) Anthropogenic origins	Metal compounds containing europium may generate fire and explosion dangers when inhaled as dust. The fatal values of europium nitrate and europium chloride are quite high.
4	[27]	Lead	(i) Water; (ii) Toys; (iii) Paint; (iv) Folk medicines; (v) Dust; (vi) Cosmetics; (vii) Soil metal costume jewelry and occupational origins.	Nervous system illnesses, blood problems, etc. Effects on the kidneys and brain, as well as cognitive and behavioral problems, increased oxidative stress, and interference with the central nervous system.
5	[28]	Chromium	(i) Chromium-containing road dust; (ii) Wood preservation; (iii) Metal treatment; (iv) Oxidative pigment; (v) Fossil fuel combustion; (vi) Oil drilling locations	The lungs, as well as the liver, skin, immune system, and kidneys, may be harmed.
6	[29]	Arsenic	(i) The trivalent atomic state is found with other metals.; (ii) Deep well water; (iii) Pesticides; (iv) Coke oven emission; (v) Mining sites of all these examples of contaminants found in soil and water.	Skin lesions, perceived neurological deficits, impairments to the central nervous system (CNS) in children, and oxidative stress are all risks associated with aging.
7	[30]	Tin	(i) Seafood; (ii) Meat; (iii) Anthropogenic sources	In addition to anemia and abdominal discomfort, divalent tin salts induce gastrointestinal irritation.
8	[31]	Cadmium	(i) Soil, sewage, sludge, battery, plating, air, water	Impact of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Inhibits the activity of antioxidants and enzymes aggregates in humans, nephrotoxicity. kidney and liver
9	[32]	Nickel	The Earth’s crust and core are rich in this mineral. Occurs in the environment, including the; (i) air; (ii) water; (iii) sediment	Cancer risks in the lungs. Epigenetic impact, contact dermatitis, headaches, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, respiratory manifestations, lung cancer.
10	[33]	Mercury	(i) It exists in water, air, and soil.; (ii) Available in three forms, namely, inorganic mercury (Hg^+, Hg^2+), elemental or metallic mercury (Hg0), and organic mercury like methyl or ethyl mercury	Renal dysfunction, GI ulceration, hepatotoxicity, and central nervous system damage.