[Retracted] Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 2

In vitro FL imaging of various targets using CDs. (a) CLSM images of CDs-treated SiHa cells. (A) Bright-field image, (B)–(E) multicolor FL images from blue, green, yellow, and red under excitation/emission wavelengths of ((405/422 ± 25), (488/500 ± 25), (515/570 ± 25), and (543/650 ± 25)) nm, respectively, adapted with permission from Ref. [25]. (b) Washfree selective nucleus imaging of Hela cells through hydrogen-bonding-induced emission, adapted with permission from Ref. [61]. (c) Selective lysosomal imaging of live Hela cells confirmed by well-overlapped image of CDs (collected at (420–580) nm) and Lyso-Tracker Red (commercial lysosomal probe, collected at (650–800) nm) in Hela cells under 405 nm excitation, adapted with permission from Ref. [70]. (d) Mitochondrial imaging of MCF-7 cells incubated with CDs (Ex: 488 nm), and then MitoTracker (Ex: 638 nm), ER-Tracker (Ex: 552 nm), Golgi-Tracker (Ex: 552 nm), or LysoTracker (Ex: 552 nm), confirmed by the coincident overlay between CDs green FL and MitoTracker red FL, but not ER-Tracker, Golgi-Tracker, or LysoTracker, adapted with permission from Ref. [63]. (e) Red-emissive FL imaging of different plant tissues through the selective cellulose-binding of CDs, adapted with permission from Ref. [81]. (f) CLSM images of the CDs FL monitoring of S. aureus and E. coli at various incubation periods, adapted with permission from Ref. [15]. (g) Differentiation of gram-positive S. aureus bacteria from gram-negative E. coli bacteria using CLSM images of a mixture of CDs-treated bacteria under 405 nm excitation, adapted with permission from Ref. [14]. (h) CLSM images of C. gloeosporioides fungus labeled by different color CDs, adapted with permission from Ref. [99].