[Retracted] Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 3

In/Ex vivo FL imaging of animals using CDs. (a) Real-time in vivo red FL images in nude mice at different time periods after (A) subcutaneous, and (B) intravenous injections of CDs via the tail vein revealed the accumulation of CDs in the tumor tissue. Adapted with permission from Ref. [107]. (b) In vivo FL of monophosphonated CDs in the tibia of (A) non-treated mice, (B) treated mice (Ex/Em = 430/600 nm); (C) treated the animal with the computed tomography-fused fluorescence image (Ex/Em = 465/700 nm), showing the feasibility of CDs for the detection of bone microcracks. (D) Significant difference of FL radiance between CDs-nontreated and CDs-treated mice ( value < 0.05). Adapted with permission from Ref. [119]. (c) (A) In vivo FL images, and (B) corresponding FL intensity of the tumors before and after the intratumoral injection of CDs for different time periods. (C) Ex vivo FL images, and (D) corresponding FL intensity of different organs of mice after CDs injection for different day periods ( value < 0.01, value < 0.001). (D) CLSM image, and (E) bright-field image of CDs-stained zebrafish. Adapted with permission from Ref. [108].