Grass-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Process and Their Antagonistic Properties towards the Biotrophic Parasite, Meloidogyne incognita

Table 2

Effect of various concentrations of G-ZnO NPs on the mortality of J2s of M. incognita after 12, 24, and 36 hours of the exposure period in vitro.

Treatment	Exposure period (hours)	Number of J2s dead in different concentrations (ppm)
		1000	750	500	250	DW
G-ZnO NPs	12	47c ± 3.21 (42.72%)	32d ± 2.30 (29.09%)	20c ± 1.52 (18.18%)	10d ± 1.52 (9.09%)	0 ± 0 (0%)
	24	61b ± 3.78 (55.45%)	43a ± 3.05 (39.09%)	33c ± 2.08 (30%)	22d ± 2.64 (20%)	0 ± 0 (0%)
	36	77ab ± 3.46 (70%)	58a ± 3.21 (52.72%)	40b ± 3.46 (36.36%)	31b ± 2.08 (28.18%)	0 ± 0 (0%)

Each value is an average of five replicates, DW = distilled water (control). ppm: parts per million; SE: standard error. Values given in parentheses represent the percent J2s mortality over the control. Values given without parentheses represent the number of the dead J2s of M. incognita in different concentrations.