[Retracted] Hybrid MWCNT and TiO₂ Nanoparticle-Suspended Waste Tyre Oil Biodiesel for CI Engines

Table 1

Properties of the fuels.

Fuel/properties	Calorific value (kJ/kg)	Kinematic viscosity cSt @ 40°C	Density (kg/m^3)	Flash point (°C)	Cetane number	Fire point (°C)
Diesel	44050	3.15	815	46	50	54
BWTPO	42800	3.72	905	24	56	33
BWTPO + MWCNT	44726	3.89	946	28	59	37
BWTPO + TiO2	44384	3.86	938	29	58	38
BWTPO + MWCNT and TiO2	45026	3.91	952	26	59	35