Risk Factors for the First Episode of Klebsiella pneumoniae Resistant to Carbapenems Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Study

Table 3

Antibiotic treatment administered to participants.

	KPRC; (𝑁=25)	𝑃^∗	Non-MDR bacterial infection; (𝑁=18)	𝑃^#	No bacteria group; (𝑁=39)	𝑃^#
Antibiotics in the last 3 months	5 (20)	0.336	2 (11.1)	0.680	3 (7.7)	0.245
Antibiotics during hospitalization prior to infection	24 (96)	0.022	14 (77.8)	0.144	38 (97.4)	1.0
Use of carbapenems	13 (52)	0.062	3 (16.7)	0.026	15 (38.5)	0.313
Duration of carbapenem use (days)	3 (0, 11)	0.025	0 (0, 0)	0.021	0 (0, 6)	0.409
Use of antipseudomonal penicillins	8 (32)	0.474	3 (16.7)	0.309	12 (30.8)	1.0
Duration of antipseudomonal penicillins use (days)	0 (0, 4)	0.265	0 (0, 0)	0.330	0 (0, 4)	1.0
Use of quinolones	7 (28)	0.403	2 (11.1)	0.263	8 (20.5)	0.553
Duration of quinolones use (days)	0 (0, 4)	0.154	0 (0, 0)	0.162	0 (0, 0)	1.0
Use of cephalosporins 3rd generation	5 (20)	0.217	6 (33.3)	0.480	16 (41)	0.105
Duration of cephalosporins 3rd generation use (days)	0 (0, 0)	0.886	0 (0, 2)	1.0	0 (0, 2)	1.0
Use of cephalosporins 4th generation	2 (8)	0.341	0 (0)	0.502	1 (2.6)	0.555
Duration of cephalosporins 4th generation use (days)	0 (0, 0)	0.228	0 (0, 0)	0.423	0 (0, 0)	0.395
Use of colistin	14 (56)	0.028	7 (38.9)	0.358	9 (23.1)	0.015
Duration of colistin use (days)	2 (0, 13)	0.001	0 (0, 4)	0.022	0 (0, 0)	0.001
Use of tygecycline	5 (20)	0.07	2 (11.1)	0.680	1 (2.6)	1.0
Duration of tygecycline use (days)	0 (0, 0)	0.096	0 (0, 0)	0.392	0 (0, 0)	0.108
Use of aminoglycosides	2 (8)	0.934	2 (11.1)	1.0	4 (10.3)	1.0
Duration of aminoglycosides use (days)	0 (0, 0)	0.560	0 (0, 0)	1.0	0 (0, 0)	1.0
Aerosolized colistin	4 (16)	0.673	4 (22)	1.0	5 (13)	1.0
Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment	15 (60)	0.38	16 (88)	0.046	NA	NA
Appropriate definitive antibiotic treatment	23 (92)	0.229	18 (100)	0.502	NA	NA

Data are presented as median (25% and 75% quartiles) or 𝑛 (%); KPRC: Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems; MDR: multidrug resistant bacteria; appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment, administration of in vitro active antimicrobials against the study isolates within 24 h from infection onset; appropriate definitive antibiotic treatment, administration of in vitro active antibiotics for at least 48 h; 𝑃^∗: comparison between three groups; 𝑃^#: KPRC versus non-MDR group, KPRC versus no bacteria group. Results are by univariate analysis.