Tooth Movement out of the Bony Wall Using Augmented Corticotomy with Nonautogenous Graft Materials for Bone Regeneration

Figure 2

Methods of measurements. (a)–(d) Maxilla, buccal tipping angle (red dotted line) and buccal bone wall area. (e)–(h) Mandible, buccal tipping angle (red dotted line) and buccal bone wall area. Yellow arrow indicates PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix, white arrow indicates buccal mesenchymal matrix, and red arrow indicates bone-derived mesenchymal matrix. (b), (f) Yellow arrow and stars indicate PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix. New bone formation was observed around grafted particles that were embedded in PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix. (c), (g) White arrow and stars indicate the buccal mesenchymal matrix, which plays the role of thick periosteum. (d), (h) Red arrow and stars indicate bone-derived mesenchymal matrix that appears to be loose connective tissue. Masson’s trichrome stain. Original magnification for (a) and (e): ×12.5; for (b), (c), (d), (f), (g), (h): ×100.

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