Age Modulates Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles Liver Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Decrease in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes Activities and Coupling in Middle-Aged as Compared to Young Rats

Figure 3

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) on middle-aged liver mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities. (a) 𝑉_max reflects complexes I, III, and IV activities and is measured using glutamate and malate. (b) 𝑉_succ reflects complexes II, III, and IV activities and is measured using succinate. (c) 𝑉_tmpd reflects complex IV activity and is measured using TMPD and ascorbate as mitochondrial substrates. Data are means ± SEM (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey). *𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01; ***𝑃<0.001 compared to control. ^#𝑃<0.05 350 μg/mL compared to 300 μg/mL. ^§𝑃<0.05 350 μg/mL compared to 250 μg/mL.

(a)

(b)

(c)