BioMed Research International

Research Article

Comparative Examination of the Olive Mill Wastewater Biodegradation Process by Various Wood-Rot Macrofungi

Table 4

Biomass production by eight selected strains of macrofungi in OMW (25% v/v) substrates and pH, electric conductivity (E.C.), plant-seed germination index (G.I.), and biodegradation-related aspects as measured in five different time periods during fungal growth. to correspond to 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days for HCC522 and PHL322, to 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days for ABL436, GCL448, HEL801, and ILC238, and to 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 days for PDC855 and PPL111. Noninoculated substrates served as controls. N.a.: not applicable. Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation of means, . Lack of common superscripts indicates statistically significant differences (Gabriel's -test, ) for comparisons of treatment means between different strains (capital letters) and different time periods (lowercase letters).


Parameter	Time	ABL436	GCL448	HCC522	HEL801	ILC238	PHL322	PDC855	PPL111	Control

pH		5.57 ± 0.06^BCa	5.55 ± 0.10^BCab	5.62 ± 0.00^ABa	5.55 ± 0.01^ABCa	5.44 ± 0.10^Cb	5.65 ± 0.01^Aa	5.64 ± 0.00^Aa	5.60 ± 0.00^Ba	5.65 ± 0.00^a
		5.49 ± 0.10^Cab	5.50 ± 0.00^Cab	5.59 ± 0.00^Ba	5.53 ± 0.02^Ca	5.25 ± 0.05^Dbc	5.65 ± 0.01^Aa	5.60 ± 0.00^Bb	5.50 ± 0.00^Cb	5.65 ± 0.00^a
		5.35 ± 0.05^Bbc	5.43 ± 0.05^ABb	5.53 ± 005^Ab	5.52 ± 0.02^Aa	5.07 ± 0.06^Bc	5.40 ± 0.00^Bb	5.50 ± 0.00^Ac	5.44 ± 0.00^Bc	5.65 ± 0.01^a
		5.29 ± 0.12^BCc	5.40 ± 0.05^Bb	5.40 ± 0.00^Bc	5.52 ± 0.01^Aa	5.00 ± 0.05^Dc	5.18 ± 0.01^Cc	5.50 ± 0.00^Ac	5.18 ± 0.01^Cd	5.65 ± 0.00^a
		5.20 ± 0.05^Cc	5.30 ± 0.05^Bb	5.13 ± 0.12^Cd	5.50 ± 0.02^Aa	4.48 ± 0.06^Dc	5.00 ± 0.00^CDd	5.48 ± 0.01^Ac	5.14 ± 0.00^Cd	5.64 ± 0.01^a

E.C. (mS cm⁻¹)		4.25 ± 0.03^Ae	3.80 ± 0.10^ABe	2.63 ± 0.01^Ce	4.09 ± 0.04^Ad	2.52 ± 0.04^Ce	2.60 ± 0.03^Ce	2.21 ± 0.01^Ee	2.45 ± 0.06^CDd	1.80 ± 0.00^b
		4.47 ± 0.02^Ad	4.09 ± 0.03^Cd	3.27 ± 0.01^Bd	4.21 ± 0.03^Bd	3.05 ± 0.02^Fd	3.03 ± 0.05^Fd	2.75 ± 0.03^Gd	2.89 ± 0.02^Gc	1.82 ± 0.00^b
		4.92 ± 0.04^Ac	4.31 ± 0.07^Bc	4.05 ± 0.03^Cc	4.40 ± 0.04^Bc	4.17 ± 0.02^Cc	3.68 ± 0.05^Ec	3.02 ± 0.04^Fc	3.45 ± 0.10^Fb	1.89 ± 0.02^a
		5.27 ± 0.02^Ab	4.53 ± 0.09^BCb	4.87 ± 0.01^Bb	4.62 ± 0.05^Cb	4.84 ± 0.03^Bb	4.19 ± 0.13^Db	3.33 ± 0.06^Eb	3.99 ± 0.0^ab	1.94 ± 0.03^a
		5.97 ± 0.05^Aa	4.79 ± 0.07^Da	5.67 ± 0.02^Ba	4.85 ± 0.12^Da	5.54 ± 0.01^Ca	4.97 ± 0.05^Da	3.85 ± 0.01^Fa	4.23 ± 0.08^Ea	1.95 ± 0.03^a

Biomass (g)		0.05 ± 0.01^Ac	0.02 ± 0.00^Ec	0.03 ± 0.00^BCe	0.02 ± 0.00^Ec	0.04 ± 0.00^ABd	0.03 ± 0.00^CDe	0.02 ± 0.00^DEc	0.02 ± 0.00^DEd	n.a.
		0.15 ± 0.02^Ab	0.03 ± 0.00^Cbc	0.05 ± 0.00^Cd	0.04 ± 0.01^BCb	0.11 ± 0.01^Bc	0.04 ± 0.00^Cd	0.04 ± 0.00^BCb	0.03 ± 0.01^Ccd	n.a.
		0.2 ± 0.02^Aa	0.04 ± 0.01^Fb	0.09 ± 0.00^Dc	0.06 ± 0.02^EFb	0.14 ± 0.01^Bb	0.07 ± 0.00^Ec	0.11 ± 0.01^Ca	0.04 ± 0.00^Fc	n.a.
		0.21 ± 0.01^Aa	0.12 ± 0.01^BCa	0.15 ± 0.00^Bb	0.13 ± 0.03^BCa	0.15 ± 0.01^Ba	0.11 ± 0.00^Cb	0.14 ± 0.02^Ba	0.11 ± 0.00^Cb	n.a.
		0.21 ± 0.01^Aa	0.13 ± 0.01^Ca	0.20 ± 0.01^Aa	0.15 ± 0.02^BCa	0.17 ± 0.01^Ba	0.16 ± 0.01^Ba	0.20 ± 0.02^ABa	0.23 ± 0.01^Aa	n.a.

Decolorization (%)		−25.82 ± 4.37^Fe	2.41 ± 0.32^Be	−0.99 ± 0.02^De	14.23 ± 1.93^Ab	−6.59 ± 0.41^Ed	−2.35 ± 0.39^Ce	−28.24 ± 1.88^Gd	−23.22 ± 1.89^Fd	0.44 ± 0.04^b
		48.08 ± 3.71^Ad	4.57 ± 0.54^Ed	4.55 ± 1.20^Ed	18.36 ± 0.84^Bb	8.52 ± 1.30^Dc	1.78 ± 0.25^Fd	13.76 ± 1.52^Cc	−21.44 ± 3.34^Gd	0.68 ± 0.11^ab
		56.84 ± 0.71^Ac	7.31 ± 0.87^Fc	17.99 ± 0.45^Dc	25.21 ± 2.86^Ca	35.16 ± 3.24^Bb	11.72 ± 0.46^Ec	21.09 ± 2.80^Cb	17.68 ± 1.45^Dc	0.89 ± 0.20^a
		60.99 ± 0.78^Ab	10.48 ± 1.53^Eb	25.73 ± 1.32^Db	27.09 ± 1.31^Da	51.51 ± 2.57^Ba	21.65 ± 1.80^Db	40.64 ± 1.93^Ca	23.43 ± 2.26^Db	1.21 ± 0.14^a
		64.01 ± 0.32^Aa	13.86 ± 1.90^Fa	33.63 ± 2.40^Da	29.13 ± 0.57^Ea	55.91 ± 1.64^Ba	33.16 ± 2.19^Da	48.12 ± 2.32^Ca	38.76 ± 3.14^Da	1.31 ± 0.13^a

Total phenols reduction (%)		54.45 ± 3.98^Ad	2.80 ± 0.41^Dc	0.50 ± 0.09^Ee	13.54 ± 3.73^BCc	15.28 ± 0.79^BCb	5.06 ± 0.69^CDe	17.33 ± 1.23^Bd	11.19 ± 3.55^BCd	0.38 ± 0.04^d
		72.13 ± 3.91^Ac	48.57 ± 5.48^Bb	9.57 ± 0.93^Ed	18.42 ± 1.60^Db	16.02 ± 1.60^Db	8.85 ± 0.93^Ed	32.14 ± 1.62^Cc	16.61 ± 1.23^Dd	0.58 ± 0.15^c
		81.80 ± 2.59^Ab	53.80 ± 3.20^Bab	22.03 ± 1.23^Dc	19.32 ± 2.28^Db	54.45 ± 0.64^BCa	18.60 ± 1.72^Dc	43.30 ± 3.21^CCb	46.94 ± 5.96^BCc	1.10 ± 0.09^b
		86.73 ± 2.11^Ab	60.66 ± 2.16^Ca	30.69 ± 0.91^Db	23.83 ± 1.99^Eb	56.67 ± 0.61^Ca	29.43 ± 2.12^Db	69.15 ± 2.50^Ba	56.15 ± 3.86^Cb	1.45 ± 0.37^ab
		92.39 ± 1.39^Aa	61.03 ± 3.21^Ca	47.48 ± 1.78^Da	45.63 ± 3.60^DEa	58.89 ± 0.58^Ca	41.74 ± 2.57^Ea	76.01 ± 2.39^Ba	70.59 ± 3.60^Ba	2.14 ± 0.42^a

G.I. (%)		7.58 ± 1.17^Ad	0.00	0.78 ± 0.09^Cd	0.00	6.51 ± 0.68^Ad	1.42 ± 0.06^Bd	0.71 ± 008^Cd	0.73 ± 0.14^Cc	0.00
		9.23 ± 0.74^Ad	6.62 ± 1.31^Bb	2.77 ± 0.41^Dcd	5.26 ± 0.94^Bb	8.78 ± 1.20^Ad	3.27 ± 0.16^Cc	1.49 ± 0.10^Ec	1.85 ± 0.36^Ec	0.00
		20.47 ± 0.57^cA	8.91 ± 0.87^Cb	4.05 ± 0.71^Dbc	6.41 ± 1.16C^Db	14.49 ± 0.47^Bc	3.91 ± 0.40^Dc	2.13 ± 0.41^Ec	4.27 ± 0.85^Db	0.00
		24.89 ± 1.57^Ab	13.28 ± 0.47^Ba	5.92 ± 1.02^CDab	7.33 ± 0.54^Cb	15.78 ± 0.12^Bb	6.76 ± 0.16^Cb	4.75 ± 0.51^Db	6.76 ± 1.52^Ca	0.00
		30.01 ± 0.97^Aa	17.57 ± 1.47^Ba	8.11 ± 2.03^Ca	15.01 ± 2.12^Ba	17.04 ± 0.78^Ba	8.89 ± 0.26^Ca	8.11 ± 0.71^Ca	8.89 ± 0.94^Ca	0.00