Oxidative Stress and Bone Resorption Interplay as a Possible Trigger for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Table 1

Principal characteristics of healthy, osteopenic, and osteoporotic postmenopausal women.

	Healthy (𝑛=38)	Osteopenia (𝑛=73)	Osteoporosis (𝑛=56)
Age, years	53.7 ± 4.6	55.6 ± 4.5	58.4 ± 4.3^a,b
Years since menopause, years	7.4 ± 0.8	7.0 ± 0.8^a	6.9 ± 0.7^a
BMI, kg/m^2	26.4 ± 4.1	24.4 ± 2.9^a	24.2 ± 3.2^a
Waist circumference, cm	89.3 ± 9.6	84.0 ± 9.2^a	83.1 ± 8.4^a
Smoking, %	17.8	14.7	12.9
E2, pg/mL	21.1 ± 7.1	12.9 ± 1.8	13.8 ± 2.6
FSH, mIU/mL	72.1 ± 7.2	85.2± 4.2	79.2 ± 5.2
DXA parameters
Lumbar spine BMD, g/cm^2	1.04 ± 0.09	0.88 ± 0.09^a	0.75 ± 0.08^a,b
Lumbar spine 𝑇-score	−0.09 ± 0.77	−1.46 ± 0.73^a	−2.77 ± 0.70^a,b
Femoral neck BMD, g/cm^2	0.81 ± 0.06	0.69 ± 0.06^a	0.62 ± 0.08^a,b
Femoral neck 𝑇-score	−0.28 ± 0.59	−1.39 ± 0.6 ^a	−2.06 ± 0.74^a,b
Total hip BMD, g/cm^2	0.90 ± 0.06	0.81 ± 0.07^a	0.62 ± 0.07^a,b
Total hip 𝑇-score	−0.21 ± 0.51	−1.04 ± 0.66^a	−1.72 ± 0.62^a,b
Total body BMD, g/cm^2	1.09 ± 0.16	1.05 ± 0.07^a	0.95 ± 0.07^a,b
Total 𝑇-score	0.35 ± 0.99	−0.67 ± 0.68^a	−1.60 ± 0.74^a,b
Bone markers
CTX-1, ng/mL	0.60 ± 0.21	0.66 ± 0.39	0.67 ± 0.40
BAP, µg/L	27.7 ± 2.7	25.7 ± 1.2	25.1 ± 1.7

Data presented are expressed as % within the group for categorical and mean ± standard deviations for continuous variables.
aP < 0.05 versus healthy; ^bP < 0.05 versus osteopenia.
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; E2: estradiol; FSH: follicle stimulating hormones; BMD: bone mass density; CTX-1: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; BAP: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase.