A Comparison of Antegrade Percutaneous and Laparoscopic Approaches in the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones

Table 1

Indication for treatment.

	PAU* (%)	RLU** (%)
Large, impacted ureteral stones with severe hydronephrosis	10 (27%)	5 (23.8%)
Failed SWL	5 (13.5%)	4 (19%)
Failed URS	4 (10.8%)	2 (9.5%)
Failed SWL + URS	18 (48.7%)	10 (47.7%)
Total	37 (100%)	21 (100%)

*Percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy.
**Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.