Research Article

Middle-Ear Microsurgery Simulation to Improve New Robotic Procedures

Figure 5

Simulation of a drilling procedure using a burr. (a) Contact interactions are represented in red and blue during a drill. (b) Represents the results of the marching cube algorithm. Any part of the bone can be drilled. (c) Surgical view of a stapedotomy simulation using the RobOtol.
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(a) Wire view
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(b) Nondeterministic model
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(c) Stapedotomy, surgical view