Risk Factors for Hospital and Long-Term Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit

Table 3

Univariate analysis of mortality in-hospital and following discharge.

Characteristics	Hospital mortality		Mortality following hospital discharge
	Unadjusted SHR (95% CI)	value	Unadjusted SHR (95% CI)	value
Female sex	0.93 (0.76–1.13)	0.462	1.01 (0.82–1.26)	0.898
Age ≥ 65 years	1.81 (1.49–2.19)	<0.001	1.90 (1.53–2.35)	<0.001
Race		0.163		0.001
Chinese	1.00		1.00
Malay	0.90 (0.71–1.14)	0.375	1.05 (0.82–1.35)	0.685
Indian	0.67 (0.46–0.96)	0.030	0.71 (0.48–1.04)	0.080
Others	0.88 (0.60–1.30)	0.503	0.21 (0.09–0.48)	<0.001
Comorbidities		0.120		<0.001
0-1	1.00		1.00
2-3	1.11 (0.86–1.42)	0.428	2.40 (1.69–3.42)	<0.001
>3	1.28 (1.01–1.62)	0.044	3.94 (2.83–5.48)	<0.001
Diagnosis
Sepsis
Pulmonary	1.11 (0.90–1.38)	0.335	0.76 (0.59–0.98)	0.037
Others	1.20 (0.84–1.71)	0.315	0.46 (0.25–0.84)	0.011
Organ-specific disease
Hepatic	0.94 (0.65–1.36)	0.743	1.52 (1.05–2.20)	0.025
Neurological	1.51 (1.06–2.13)	0.021	0.77 (0.48–1.25)	0.289
Renal	0.56 (0.32–0.96)	0.036	2.32 (1.63–3.32)	<0.001
Cardiovascular	0.93 (0.57–1.51)	0.768	1.10 (0.67–1.78)	0.713
Endocrine	0.21 (0.07–0.64)	0.006	0.57 (0.26–1.28)	0.176
Pulmonary, airway	0.55 (0.35–0.86)	0.008	1.74 (1.27–2.40)	0.001
Pulmonary, others^*	0.69 (0.33–1.43)	0.315	1.67 (0.96–2.93)	0.072
Malignancy		<0.001		0.022
Hematological	2.18 (1.60–2.98)	<0.001	0.97 (0.57–1.65)	0.916
Nonhematological	2.43 (1.68–3.53)	<0.001	1.99 (1.22–3.24)	0.006
Others	0.69 (0.49–0.97)	0.033	0.61 (0.41–0.89)	0.011
Investigations
Hemoglobin, per g/dL	0.94 (0.91–0.97)	<0.001	0.93 (0.90–0.96)	<0.001
Platelets, per/mm^3	0.999 (0.998–0.9997)	0.011	1.001 (1.000–1.002)	0.007
White blood cells, per/mm^3	1.003 (0.999–1.007)	0.104	1.001 (0.996–1.006)	0.773
BUN, per mmol/L	1.006 (0.999–1.014)	0.103	1.010 (1.002–1.018)	0.016
Creatinine, per µmol/L	0.9999 (0.9997–1.0003)	0.922	1.0003 (0.9999–1.0007)	0.062
MPM II score, per point	1.03 (1.02-1.03)	<0.001	1.005 (1.001–1.010)	0.009
Treatment
Mechanical ventilation	4.66 (3.51–6.19)	<0.001	0.71 (0.57–0.88)	0.002
Noninvasive ventilation	0.75 (0.61–0.91)	0.004	1.62 (1.31–2.01)	<0.001
Vasopressor	4.04 (3.23–5.04)	<0.001	0.58 (0.46–0.72)	<0.001
Packed cell transfusion	1.91 (1.57–2.31)	<0.001	0.98 (0.77–1.24)	0.848
Renal replacement therapy		<0.001		<0.001
Preexisting	2.78 (2.20–3.53)	<0.001	0.54 (0.34–0.86)	0.010
New cases	1.29 (0.95–1.77)	0.107	1.58 (1.16–2.15)	0.004
CPR prior to admission	4.00 (2.94–5.44)	<0.001	0.98 (0.60–1.60)	0.926

SHR: subdistribution hazard ratio; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CI: confidence interval; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; MPM: mortality prediction model; Refers specifically to obstructive sleep apnea and restrictive lung diseases.