Proteinquakes in the Evolution of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (A/H1N1) under Opposing Migration and Vaccination Pressures

Figure 6

The army vaccination punctuation (MZ) chain profiles resemble an earthquake with respect to the sialic acid binding site 130–230 relative to its HA1 matrix (see text). Note that the main feature of the sialic acid binding site is not only the hydrophilic extrema at its end points, but also the flattening of the HA butterfly profile across the entire 130–230 binding range, especially in 1950. This reflects the strongly one-dimensional nature of network water film packages, which is not obvious in Euclidean simulations of protein dynamics using effective water models.