Drift of Scroll Wave Filaments in an Anisotropic Model of the Left Ventricle of the Human Heart

<div>A meridional section of the geometrical LV model. The case of the normal LV shape. Parameter values are <svg height="9.53387pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 36.462 9.53387" width="36.462pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z" id="g113-105"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="516" vert-adv-y="516"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.34,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.603,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g121-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.843,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g121-46"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg>mm and <svg height="8.63352pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 42.3209 8.63352" width="42.3209pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M401 397C401 420 368 448 302 448C245 448 169 416 122 377C62 327 23 254 23 169C23 45 83 -12 181 -12C252 -12 323 29 374 85L358 107C305 62 257 43 210 43C147 43 110 98 110 189V214L313 208L321 256L115 250C132 342 190 405 253 405C291 405 323 389 346 360C356 348 364 348 377 357C392 367 401 384 401 397Z" id="g113-227"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="424" vert-adv-y="424"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.145,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.408,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g121-46"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.648,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="228" vert-adv-y="228"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.612,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z" id="g121-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.852,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g121-51"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg>. The red line shows the endocardial and the blue line shows the epicardial surfaces of the heart. An oblique solid line illustrates the <svg height="10.2124pt" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 8.63352 10.2124" width="8.63352pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M642 419L635 448C586 435 552 411 532 392C518 379 509 351 496 304C484 260 462 196 445 150C424 93 388 40 314 30L413 508L406 510L344 491L257 36C205 46 175 84 175 169C175 195 180 241 185 277C189 304 190 331 190 358C190 413 175 448 141 448C111 448 69 429 23 373L30 347C51 365 68 375 81 375C93 375 108 368 108 327C108 307 104 268 101 239C98 211 95 180 95 155C95 33 159 -8 248 -14L213 -186C206 -220 221 -254 230 -261L261 -230L306 -11C339 -4 366 6 389 20C431 46 473 87 503 155C533 224 557 286 571 325C586 367 606 393 642 419Z" id="g113-245"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="654" vert-adv-y="654"></glyph.data></g></svg> coordinate <svg height="14.2262pt" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.429501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 49.1281 14.2262" width="49.1281pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="346" vert-adv-y="346"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M642 419L635 448C586 435 552 411 532 392C518 379 509 351 496 304C484 260 462 196 445 150C424 93 388 40 314 30L413 508L406 510L344 491L257 36C205 46 175 84 175 169C175 195 180 241 185 277C189 304 190 331 190 358C190 413 175 448 141 448C111 448 69 429 23 373L30 347C51 365 68 375 81 375C93 375 108 368 108 327C108 307 104 268 101 239C98 211 95 180 95 155C95 33 159 -8 248 -14L213 -186C206 -220 221 -254 230 -261L261 -230L306 -11C339 -4 366 6 389 20C431 46 473 87 503 155C533 224 557 286 571 325C586 367 606 393 642 419Z" id="g113-245"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="654" vert-adv-y="654"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.634,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.897,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z" id="g121-50"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.137,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g121-51"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,40.424,-5.741)"><path d="M339 262C339 340 273 403 193 403S48 340 48 262S113 121 193 121S339 184 339 262ZM283 262C283 210 242 168 193 168S104 210 104 262S144 356 193 356S283 314 283 262Z" id="g54-73"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="385" vert-adv-y="385"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.438,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="346" vert-adv-y="346"></glyph.data></g></svg>.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Drift of Scroll Wave Filaments in an Anisotropic Model of the Left Ventricle of the Human Heart 