Acoustic-Frequency Vibratory Stimulation Regulates the Balance between Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Figure 2

Effects of acoustic-frequency vibratory stimulation (AFVS) on mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 14 days and stimulated with AFVS at the frequencies of 30 Hz, 400 Hz, and 800 Hz. Cells in static culture condition (0 Hz) served as a control. (a) At the time point of day 14, calcium deposition was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining. Scale bar = 200 μm. The stained mineral layers at the time point of day 7 (b) and 14 (c), respectively, were dissolved in 1% hydrochloric acid and quantified via a spectrophotometer. Values are mean ± standard error of four independent experiments (). , in the indicated groups from unpaired -test. , compared with the 0 Hz control group from unpaired -test.

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