Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Therapies in Pancreatic Neoplasms

Table 3

EUS-guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic cysts (human studies).

References	Study design		Ethanol %	Outcome	Adverse events
Gan et al. 2005 [55]	Prospective single-center	25	5 to 80	23 patients with complete 6 month follow-up: complete resolution (), partial resolution (), persistent cyst (), surgical resection ().	Died of myocardial infarction 6 months after procedure ().
DeWitt et al. 2009 [56]	Prospective multicenter RCT	58	80	Single session ethanol lavage () resulted in greater size pancreas cyst reduction (24%) compared to saline lavage (15%) ().; 6/18 (33%) complete cyst resolution with ethanol lavage on follow-up CT imaging.	Abdominal pain (), acute pancreatitis (), major complications ().
Dimaio et al. 2011 [57]	Retrospective single-center	13	80	Mean max cyst diameter at baseline (20.1 ± 7.1 mm) decreased to 17.0 ± 9.8 mm () after single ethanol lavage and to 12.8 ± 9.6 mm after two ethanol lavage sessions (); Complete cyst resolution: after single session (0/13), after two sessions (5/13; 38%).	Minor abdominal pain after ethanol lavage ().
Oh et al. 2008 [59]	Prospective single-center	14	99% ethanol and 3 mg/mL paclitaxel (EUS-EPI)	Median original volume 3.81 (range 1.2–68 mL) decreased to 0.11 (range 0–35 mL); Complete cyst resolution (), partial resolution (), persistent () at median 9 month follow-up.	Elevated serum amylase (); Mild pancreatitis (); Mild abdominal pain ().
Oh et al. 2011 [60]	Prospective single-center	52	EUS-EPI	85.8% reduction in cyst volume after EUS-EPI at 12 month follow-up.; Complete resolution (), partial resolution (), persistent cyst ().