Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women in China: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

The odds and prevalence of HIV among MSMW and MSMO by study and design characteristics.

Category	Subgroup	Comparison group	Number of studies	Prevalence estimate (%)	Heterogeneity		OR and 95% CI	value	Heterogeneity
				and 95% CI	(%)	value			(%)	value
Overall		MSMW	23	6.6 (5.3, 7.8)	89.2	<0.001	1.27 (1.01, 1.58)	0.018	74.4	<0.001
		MSMO	23	5.4 (4.7, 6.2)	83.9	<0.001
Regions	Southwest China	MSMW	4	14.8 (9.3, 20.3)	79.5	0.002	2.43 (1.58, 3.72)	0.004	53.3	0.093
		MSMO	4	6.7 (4.0, 9.5)	83.2	<0.001
	East China	MSMW	3	2.7 (0.4, 4.9)	87.4	<0.001	0.67 (0.32, 1.42)	0.236	61.2	0.076
		MSMO	3	5.7 (1.7, 9.6)	89.5	<0.001
	Northeast China	MSMW	3	6.5 (2.3, 10.7)	76.1	0.015	1.27 (0.89, 1.82)	0.101	0.0	0.740
		MSMO	3	5.7 (2.3, 9.2)	73.4	0.023
	North China	MSMW	7	5.2 (4.0, 6.5)	20.0	0.277	1.32 (0.89, 1.94)	0.088	43.0	0.104
		MSMO	7	4.1 (3.1, 5.1)	48.8	0.069
	Several cities from different regions or those that cannot be classified into the above four categories	MSMW	6	6.3 (4.5, 8.2)	82.3	<0.001	1.03 (0.78, 1.36)	0.304	61.6	0.023
		MSMO	6	6.0 (4.8, 7.2)	72.0	0.003
Sampling method	RDS	MSMW	5	6.9 (3.8, 10.0)	95.5	<0.001	1.16 (0.65, 2.09)	0.218	88.9	<0.001
		MSMO	5	6.3 (5.0, 7.6)	85.4	<0.001
	All other nonprobability sampling	MSMW	18	6.7 (5.1, 8.3)	84.8	<0.001	1.30 (1.05, 1.61)	0.037	47.4	0.014
		MSMO	18	5.2 (4.2, 6.3)	83.3	<0.001
Data collection period	Before 2009	MSMW	7	4.9 (2.8, 6.9)	94.4	<0.001	0.91 (0.63, 1.32)	0.103	75.1	<0.001
		MSMO	7	5.8 (4.2, 7.4)	92.6	<0.001
	2009 and later	MSMW	10	8.3 (5.9, 10.7)	71.8	<0.001	1.59 (1.08, 2.33)	<0.001	65.3	0.002
		MSMO	10	5.6 (4.1, 7.1)	77.4	<0.001
	Not reported or cannot be classified into the above two categories	MSMW	6	6.5 (4.6, 8.5)	75.8	0.001	1.33 (0.97, 1.84)	0.376	48.8	0.082
		MSMO	6	5.0 (3.8, 6.2)	61.9	0.022
Data collection method	Interviewer-administered	MSMW	19	6.5 (5.1, 7.9)	90.5	<0.001	1.21 (0.94, 1.56)	0.245	77.1	<0.001
		MSMO	19	5.6 (4.8, 6.5)	84.3	<0.001
	Self-administered	MSMW	2	5.4 (2.8, 8.1)	23.5	0.253	1.37 (0.91, 2.08)	0.211	0.0	0.567
		MSMO	2	3.9 (2.9, 4.8)	0.0	0.449
	Not reported or cannot be classified into the above two categories	MSMW	2	8.5 (3.4, 13.6)	72.7	0.056	1.58 (1.01, 2.50)	0.030	0.0	0.354
		MSMO	2	5.7 (0.1, 11.2)	89.2	0.002