Periosteal Distraction Osteogenesis: An Effective Method for Bone Regeneration

Table 1

Summary of preclinical animal experiments.

Authors	Distractor	Animal	Position	Latency period	Distraction period	Consolidation period	Factor	Year	Reference number
Kostopoulos and Karring	PTFE capsule	Rat	Mandibular ramus	0 days	Immediate distraction	7, 14 days and 1, 2, 4 weeks	Different opening direction	1995	[15]
Schmidt et al.	Titanium mesh	Rabbit	Lateral surface of the mandible	7 days	7 mm over 15 days	Days 28, 35, 42, 56	None	2002	[7]
Stevens et al.	Calcium-alginate gel	Rabbit	Anteromedia aspect of metaphyseal and diaphyseal tibia	0 days	Immediate distraction	6, 8, 12 weeks	TGF-β/FGF-2	2005	[16]
Kessler et al.	Titanium mesh	Minipig	Forehead region	5 days	0.5 mm/d for 10 days	7, 17, 45 days	In comparison with IE	2007	[17]
Sencimen et al.	Stainless steel device	Rabbit	Lateral surface of the mandible	7 days	0.25 mm twice a day for 10 days	15, 30, 60 days	In comparison with DO	2007	[18]
Estrada et al.	Plate supported by a screw	Rabbit	Forehead	10 days	0.25 mm/d or 0.5 mm/d until 8 mm	10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 days after distraction	Different distraction rates	2007	[19]
Estrada et al.	Distraction rod with basel staple and titanium plate	Dog	Intraoral in the four quadrants	10 days	0.22 mm/d for 22 days	90 days	None	2007	[19]
Yamauchi et al.	Highly purified β-TCP block	Dog	Lateral surface of the mandible	8 days	0.5 mm/d for 8 days	8 weeks	None	2008	[20]
Casap et al.	U-shaped device Made of stainless steel and titanium	Rabbit	Mandible	2 weeks	1 mm/d for 7 days	60 days	VEGF	2008	[21]
Abrahamsson et al.	Osmotic self-inflatable expander	Rabbit	Lower border of the mandible	0 days	Depend on the inflation rate of the expander	2 weeks	None	2009	[22]
Oda et al.	Titanium mesh	Rabbit	Mandible	7 days	0.5 mm/d for 8 days	4 and 8 weeks	Cortical bone perforation	2009	[23]
Lethaus et al.	Laser-perforated titanium	Minipig	Forehead region	3 days	0.5 mm twice per day for periods 5, 10, 15 days, respectively	14, 28, 42 days	Versus static shielding	2010	[24]
Sato et al.	Mesh plate	Rabbit	Parietal bone	7 days	20 days	3 weeks	Bone marrow stem cell administration	2010	[25]
Altuğ et al.	U-shaped distractor built from stainless steel	Rabbit	Lateral aspect of the mandible	1 day or 7 days	0.25 mm twice a day for 10 days	15, 30, 60 days	Different latency periods	2011	[26]
Zakaria et al.	Biodegradable mesh (PLLA/HA)	Rabbit	Calvarial bone	7 days	0.5 mm every 12 hours for 5 days	4 and 6 weeks	Different distraction rates	2012	[27]
Zakaria et al.	Titanium mesh	Rabbit	Calvarial bone	7 days	0.5 mm every 12 hours for 5 days	4 and 6 weeks	Different distraction rates	2012	[28]
Saulacic et al.	Hemispherical disc	Rat	Calvarial bone	7 days	0.4 mm/d for 10 days	10, 20 days	None	2013	[29]
Saulacic et al.	Occlusive distraction plate or perforation of the distraction plate	Rat	Calvaria	7 days	0.2 mm/d for 10 days	7 days	Different distractors	2013	[30]
Yamauchi et al.	Ni-Ti SMA	Rabbit	Forehead	14 days	Depend on the elasticity of SMA	3 and 6 weeks	None	2013	[31, 32]
Suer et al.	Custom-design device	Rabbit	Lateral surface of the mandibular corpus	7 days	0.25 mm Twice a day for 6 days	4 and 8 weeks	HBO	2014	[33]
Kahraman et al.	A new periosteal distractor	Rabbit	Periosteumeum at the forehead		7 days	0.35 mm/d for 10 days, 45 days	Simvastatin	2015	[34]
Pripatnanont et al.	Modified Hyrax device	Rabbit	Ramus and body of mandible	3 days	0.5 mm twice a day for 7 days	4 and 8 weeks	PRF	2015	[35]
Saulacic et al.	Custom made distraction device	Rabbit	Calvaria	7 days	0.25 or 0.5 mm/d for 10 days	1 week, 2 weeks, 2 months	Different distraction rates	2016	[36]
Dziewiecki et al.	Nondegradable titanium device and degradable devices (poly-DL-lactide and polyglycolic acid)	Minipig	Calvarial bone	0 days	Immediate distraction	12, 28, 42 days	None	2016	[37]
Yamauchi et al.	SMA mesh device and absorbable thread	Rabbit	Under the periosteum at the forehead	0 days	Time-released dynamic distraction	4 and 8 weeks	None	2016	[38]

IE = Immediate Elevation; DO = distraction osteogenesis; SMA = self-activated memory alloy; HBO = hyperbaric oxygen; PRF = platelet-rich fibrin; PTFE = Polytetrafluoroethylene; TGF-β = transforming growth factor-β; FGF-2 = fibroblast growth factor-2.