Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Offspring Growth at 0–3 Years of Age

Table 2

Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and offspring overweight/obesity at 1–3 years old.

Child age	NN	⁢EN		⁢NE		⁢EE
	OR	AOR (95% CI)		AOR (95% CI)		AOR (95% CI)
12 months	1.00 (reference)	1.56 (0.53–4.58)	0.420	1.43 (1.03–2.00)	0.035	1.74 (0.84–3.59)	0.134
18 months	1.00 (reference)	1.67 (0.57–4.94)	0.350	1.36 (0.97–1.92)	0.078	1.75 (0.85–3.62)	0.130
24 months	1.00 (reference)	2.62 (0.81–8.46)	0.108	1.51 (1.02–2.25)	0.041	1.87 (0.84–4.18)	0.125
30 months	1.00 (reference)	3.66 (0.90–14.86)	0.069	1.46 (0.96–2.24)	0.080	2.98 (1.36–6.53)	0.006
36 months	1.00 (reference)	4.88 (1.62–14.52)	0.006	1.44 (0.96–2.18)	0.080	2.01 (0.89–4.53)	0.093

BMI: body mass index; GWG: gestational weight gain; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Group NN: nonexcessive prepregnancy BMI and nonexcessive GWG.
Group EN: excessive prepregnancy BMI and nonexcessive GWG.
Group NE: nonexcessive prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG.
Group EE: excessive prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG.
Adjusted ORs were corrected for maternal age, education background, family income, cigarette exposure, parity, delivery mode, offspring birth weight, sex, gestational age, and feeding pattern.
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