Effect of High-Irradiance Light-Curing on Micromechanical Properties of Resin Cements

Table 3

Vickers hardness () and indentation modulus () (minimum, median, and maximum values; ) at 15 min and 1 week (wk) following light-curing according to one of seven irradiation protocols.

			Resin-based materials
			Panavia F2.0				RelyX Unicem 2 Automix				SpeedCEM Plus				Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable Restorative
VALO modes	Irradiation protocol	Values	(N/mm^2)		(GPa)		(N/mm^2)		(GPa)		(N/mm^2)		(GPa)		(N/mm^2)		(GPa)
			15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk	15 min	1 wk
Standard mode (SM); (one activation = 5 s)	SM 10	Maximum	21.9	30.8	3.5	5.5	54.0	70.2	7.2	8.3	29.9	38.3	5.1	5.8	43.9	57.8	6.2	7.3
		Median	17.1	24.4	2.7	4.1	51.8	64.5	6.7	7.5	24.9	32.1	4.4	4.7	43.0	54.4	5.7	6.7
		Minimum	14.7	20.2	2.2	2.7	49.3	61.5	5.5	6.6	18.7	24.1	2.9	3.7	41.4	51.8	5.3	6.2
	SM 20	Maximum	29.9	41.5	4.7	6.3	55.8	71.4	7.7	8.6	31.1	36.2	5.3	5.6	47.0	60.8	6.4	7.2
		Median	26.8	35.9	4.2	5.8	53.5	65.4	7.2	7.5	25.5	33.2	4.3	4.5	45.0	54.4	6.1	6.8
		Minimum	21.3	29.8	3.4	4.5	50.3	60.5	6.5	7.0	22.8	26.8	3.7	4.1	43.7	52.3	5.5	6.0
High Power mode (HPM); (one activation = 4 s)	HPM 8	Maximum	22.5	30.6	3.6	5.2	54.0	70.4	7.2	8.2	28.6	34.5	4.9	5.2	45.4	57.6	6.2	7.4
		Median	15.9	24.8	2.6	3.8	51.9	64.9	6.9	7.6	22.0	29.0	3.9	4.3	43.0	52.9	5.8	6.5
		Minimum	14.7	20.5	2.3	2.9	49.8	61.0	4.9	6.7	18.8	25.1	3.3	3.8	41.1	46.9	5.3	5.5
	HPM 16	Maximum	27.6	42.7	4.4	6.3	59.0	67.3	7.6	8.0	31.4	36.5	5.5	5.3	48.5	60.9	6.5	7.2
		Median	24.5	34.2	3.6	5.2	55.2	63.8	7.2	7.7	26.5	31.0	4.4	4.4	46.2	54.7	6.1	6.5
		Minimum	21.8	27.8	3.0	4.0	52.7	55.5	6.6	6.8	20.4	27.7	2.8	4.0	44.3	52.7	5.4	5.4
Xtra Power mode (XPM); (one activation = 3 s)	XPM 3	Maximum	15.1	25.0	2.4	4.7	47.0	68.8	6.3	8.1	20.8	33.5	3.9	5.0	40.8	55.3	5.6	6.9
		Median	11.8	18.8	1.9	2.9	44.8	65.6	5.7	7.7	16.3	20.7	2.9	3.3	39.1	50.2	5.4	6.0
		Minimum	9.1	15.2	1.4	2.3	42.8	60.8	5.2	6.6	10.1	13.0	1.9	2.1	36.5	45.2	4.6	5.3
	XPM 6	Maximum	18.4	29.4	2.9	4.5	56.8	72.7	7.3	8.6	26.1	33.5	4.6	5.2	46.6	57.0	6.2	6.9
		Median	16.3	22.2	2.5	3.6	52.8	65.4	6.9	7.6	22.8	31.1	4.1	4.6	44.2	52.9	6.0	6.3
		Minimum	13.5	17.0	2.3	2.5	48.5	59.6	6.0	7.0	18.3	24.3	3.4	3.7	42.5	50.2	5.3	5.6
	XPM 9	Maximum	25.1	37.5	3.8	6.0	59.8	75.6	7.5	8.1	33.2	36.5	5.7	5.2	49.8	57.5	6.7	7.4
		Median	21.5	30.3	3.2	4.5	54.8	64.9	7.1	7.6	26.3	30.2	4.2	4.6	47.6	54.9	6.2	6.6
		Minimum	19.8	21.8	2.8	2.9	52.5	61.1	6.2	7.0	20.8	27.6	3.6	3.8	45.3	51.7	5.4	5.3