Dietary Fructose Activates Insulin Signaling and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue: Modulatory Role of Resveratrol
Table 3
Effects of long-term dietary fructose (Fruc), resveratrol (Res), and their combinations (Res + Fruc) on some endocrine parameters and cytokines in the adipose tissues of male and female rats.
Groups
Control
Res
Fruc
Res + Fruc
Insulin (mU/g protein)
Male
1,54 ± 0.16
1.19 ± 0.17
2.75 ± 0.42
1.32 ± 0.27
Female
1.45 ± 0.16
0.79 ± 0.1
2.93 ± 0.26
1.63 ± 0.26
Estradiol (pg/g protein)
Male
9.1 ± 0.6
8.6 ± 1.1
13 ± 1.5
9 ± 1.1
Female
27.5 ± 8
28 ± 5.1
14 ± 1.8
22 ± 4.6
Free testosterone (pg/g protein)
Male
45 ± 4.9
48 ± 7.8
21 ± 2.8
26 ± 4
Female
2.8 ± 0.8
1.5 ± 0.1
5.6 ± 0.1
2 ± 0.4
Total testosterone (pg/g protein)
Male
655 ± 51
581 ± 78
285 ± 33
332 ± 43
Female
32 ± 6.1
16 ± 3
68 ± 9.5
25.7 ± 4.9
MDA (µmol/g protein)
Male
16 ± 1.9
18 ± 4.9
26 ± 3.6
14 ± 1.9
Female
14 ± 2.1
5.3 ± 0.8
48 ± 13
12 ± 2.1
ALT (U/g protein)
Male
169 ± 14
192 ± 22
335 ± 73
448 ± 135
Female
272 ± 47
113 ± 13
736 ± 145
315 ± 39
AST (U/g protein)
Male
85 ± 5
119 ± 27
123 ± 28
271 ± 55
Female
164 ± 18
51 ± 11
346 ± 56
142.1 ± 5
TNF-α (ng/g protein)
Male
153 ± 10
163 ± 7
261 ± 31
218 ± 33
Female
111 ± 9
99 ± 6
319 ± 41
184 ± 38
IL-1β (ng/g protein)
Male
382 ± 30
250 ± 17
496 ± 38
548 ± 44
Female
241 ± 26
270 ± 17
703 ± 108
445 ± 68
IL-6 (ng/g protein)
Male
61 ± 4.6
46 ± 2.5
67 ± 6.4
36 ± 5.3
Female
13 ± 1.3
11 ± 1.9
51 ± 7.4
20 ± 3.1
IL-10 (ng/g protein)
Male
50 ± 7.6
52 ± 4.7
83 ± 13.3
40 ± 5.8
Female
52 ± 6.2
33 ± 4.1
93 ± 7.6
55 ± 6.1
IL-18 (MBL) (µg/g protein)
Male
9.4 ± 1.6
7.6 ± 0.7
39 ± 7.7
19 ± 3.8
Female
7.5 ± 1.4
8.3 ± 0.6
37 ± 6.2
14 ± 2.5
Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, –12. Significantly different () compared to control group. Significantly different () compared to fructose group. Significantly different () compared to male group.
