Review Article

Prenatal Maternal Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Preterm Birth and the Effects of Heterogeneity on This Relationship: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Items on the structured data extraction form, the CASP tool for CRA, and the appraisal of the statistical analysis.

MethodsResults

First authorAge
Year of publicationEducation
Other authorsSES or Poverty Index
CountryMarital status
LocationSmoking
JournalAlcohol problem
Data collection dates
Key wordsPrimary outcome
Type of studyGestational age (days)
Number of and time points for observationPreterm birth (<259 days or <37 w)
Inclusion/exclusion
Existing study namePrimary predictor variable
Sample sizeDescriptive analysis
Consent rate, participation rateRelationships
Primary predictor variableUnadjusted relationships
Measurement of PVAdjusted relationships
Other predictor variables
OutcomeAdditional comments
Potential confounders

CASPStatistical analysis

Is the clearly focused issue relevant to our study (anxiety and preterm birth)?Unadjusted analysis:statistic and test
Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way? That is, is the cohort representative of the population it is supposed to represent?Appropriate?
Numerically correct?
Was the outcome (preterm birth) accurately measured to minimise bias?Method of adjustment; type of model
Details of model development
Have the authors identified all-important confounders? (Age, marital status, ethnicity, education, income or SES, parity, previous PTB)Appropriate confounders considered?
And have they accounted for this in the analysis?Appropriate control of confounding?
Assessment of linearity assumption
Follow-up: completenessMethods for missing data specified
Follow-up: length (note generally not a concern in pregnancy studies)Overall quality of adjusted analysis
Do you believe the results? (on a scientific basis and gut feeling)Other comments