Metformin Synergistically Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Esophageal Squamous Cancer Cells under Glucose-Deprivation Conditions

Figure 2

Metformin treatment (200 μM) causes a significant reduction in the intracellular ATP levels and interferes with AMPK and AKT signaling. (a) Treatment of ECA109 cells with 200 μM metformin showed no significant effect on ATP production in high glucose medium. Glucose-deprivation caused a reduction in the ATP levels in ECA109 cells, and the addition of metformin in glucose-deprivation medium caused a marked reduction in the ATP levels in ECA109 cells. (b) Activation status of AMPK and AKT in ECA109 cells treated with or without metformin (200 μM) and cisplatin (1 μM) under both high glucose and glucose-deprivation conditions. indicates no significant difference; indicates .

(a)

(b)