Male Partners of Infertile Couples with Seminal Infections of Human Papillomavirus Have Impaired Fertility Parameters
Table 4
Mean participant age and seminal parameters in the total study population and in strata by HPV presence.
Total group ( = 229)
HPV DNA+ ( = 38; 16.6%)
Exclusively HR HPV+ ( = 13; 5.7%)
Exclusively LR HPV+ ( = 14; 6.1%)
HPV MI+ ( = 1; 6.1%)
HPV DNA− ( = 191; 83.4%)
Age of participants (years)
34.4 (32–33.7)
33.5 (30.9–36.2)
34.6 (30.7–38.6)
34.3 (30.6–38.15)
34.7 (30.7–37.8)
32.8 (31.9–33.7)
0.9
Volume of semen (ml/ejaculate)
2.9 (2.7–3.5)
2.9 (2.3–3.3)
3.1 (2.2–4.1)
2.5 (1.8–3.1)
2.4 (1.3–3.4)
3.5 (3.3–3.7)
0.85
Coagulation time (minutes)
24.9 (22.7–25.4)
25.1 (24.5–25.7)
24.8 (23.3–26.4)
25.1 (24.2–25.9)
24.2 (18.3–30.1)
25.3 (25.2–25.5)
0.9
pH of semen
7.8 (7.6–7.9)
7.8 (7.7–7.9)
7.8 (7.6–8.0)
7.7 (7.6–7.8)
8.1 (7.7–8.3)
7.7 (7.64–7.71)
0.0003
Progressive motility (a + b) (%)
43.6 (40.5–46.6)
42.4 (34.9–49.9)
48.6 (37.5–59.8)
42.2 (27.3–57.2)
35 (18.4–51.4)
49.8 (40.5–54.4)
0.7
Sperm count (×106/ml)
47.2 (41–58)
46 (31–61)
53 (24–81)
50 (22–79)
39 (6–71)
48 (21–72)
0.7
Vitality (%)
54.1 (49.7–61.9)
54.5 (46.1–63.1)
62.3 (52.5–72.2)
54.4 (37.5–71.3)
39.9 (26.8–56)
59.4 (55.9–63)
0.2
Leukocytes (×103/ml)
322.7 (309–346)
252.6 (207–298)
229.2 (143–315)
336.7 (275–398)
485.7 (31.59–939.8)
345 (323.7–366.3)
<0.0001
HPV: human papillomavirus; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; +: positive; −: negative; HR: high risk; LR: low risk; MI: multiple infection; presented data are means (95% CI); CI: confidence interval; value was obtained by one-way ANOVA, comparing the HPV-negative group with the four mutually HPV exclusive subgroups; values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
