The Use of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, and Hypnotics in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Patterns Associated with Use: The Hoorn Diabetes Care System Cohort
Table 2
Patients characteristics stratified by antidepressant, anxiolytics, and/or hypnotics use in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System Cohort in the year 2011 ().
Nonusers
Antidepressants users
Anxiolytics/hypnotics users
Combined use of antidepressants and anxiolytics/hypnotics
General characteristics
Number of patients () (% of total number of patients)
5806 (82.8)
500 (7.1)
456 (6.5)
254 (3.6)
Male (%)
55.7
Age (years)
65.9 ± 11.5
64.7 ± 13.0
71.7 ±
68.1 ±
HbA1c (mmol/mol (%))
52 (6.9) ± 1.1
52 (6.9) ± 1.1
51 (6.8) ± 0.9
52 (6.9) ± 1.0
BMI (kg/m2)
30.1 ± 5.4
31.2 ±
29.9 ± 5.2
31.4 ±
Diabetes duration (years)
5.9 (2.0–10.5)
5.0 (1.8–10.2)
7.0 (2.8–11.70
6.0 (2.8–10.6)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Ethnicity (% Caucasian)
78.8
Education (%)
Low
44.7
Middle
39.9
High
15.5
Comorbidities
Comorbidities (%)
15.4
17.2
20.1
Diabetes treatment
Diet only (%)
18.2
14.9
14.2
Oral glucose lowering agents use only (%)
60.3
62.3
60.2
Insulin use (%)
21.5
22.8
25.6
BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; SD: standard deviation. different from no antidepressant/anxiolytics/hypnotics users. It is possible that patients are using insulin in combination with oral glucose lowering agents.
