Magnetic Separation Methods for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Various Types of Matrices: A Review

Table 4

Magnetic separation methods used for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells in cheese.

Method	Type of beads	Coating ligand	Type of matrix	Artificially contaminated	Preparation of sample	Initial mass of sample [g]	Initial number of MAP	Limit of Detection	Reference
IMS	Pathatrix auto system	Anti-MAP antibodies	Bovine raw milk cheese	Yes	Stomacher filter bag, 225 mL of trisodium citrate buffer, 1% casitone, 2% sodium citrate added to the sample, homogenization in a Stomacher 400 lab blender, 50 µL of anti-MAP Pathatrix beads added	25		10^3 MAP/25 g of cheese	[40]

Pathatrix auto system, paramagnetic beads coated with anti-MAP antibody (Matrix MicroScience Ltd., Newmarket, UK); retail cheese samples included; different levels of MAP contamination were tested (10³  MAP/25 g or 40 MAP/g); auto = automatically processed; IMS = immunomagnetic separation; MAP = Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.