Topical Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty Receiving Rivaroxaban

Table 2

Postoperative data for all patients.

Event	Placebo ()	IV ()	Topical ()
				Placebo versus Topical	Placebo versus IV	Topical versus IV
Wound length on extension (cm)	8.66 (0.923; 7–11)	8.66 (1.143; 7–12)	8.61 (0.998; 7–11)	0.265	0.265	0.261
Postoperative Hb level
POD1 (g/dl)	11.02 (1.06; 8.6–13.2)	11.57 (1.26; 9.7–15.5)	12.04 (1.28; 9.8–14.7)	0.005	0.214	0.304
POD2 (g/dl)	9.73 (0.98; 7.2–11.4)	10.46 (1.27; 8.8–15.1)	11.28 (1.26; 8.8–14.1)	<0.001	0.063	0.025
POD4 (g/dl)	9.23 (1.11; 7.4-11.1)	10.06 (1.29; 8.0–13.8)	10.64 (1.34; 8.4–14.3)	<0.001	0.043	0.193
Postoperative drainage (mL)
0–16 hours	409 (134; 180–810)	304 (147; 75–700)	222 (85; 20–345)	<0.001	0.006	0.036
0–48 hours	626 (149; 260–1020)	525 (185; 220–1000)	412 (122; 145–610)	<0.001	0.041	0.018
Blood transfusion rate (number/total number)	6.7% (2/30)	0.0% (0/31)	0.0% (0/32)	0.102
Total blood loss (mL)	1131 (336; 567–1845)	921 (252; 465–1495)	795 (231; 336–1350)	<0.001	0.014	0.197
VAS on POD1	3.89 (0.83; 3–6)	3.84 (0.74; 3–6)	3.93 (0.84; 3–6)	0.949
Length of stay (days)	6 (5–8)	6 (5–8)	5.9 (5–7)	0.280
Range of motion on POD 14	109.1 (11.8; 90–145)	105.7 (12.9; 60–135)	109.2 (6.7; 95–120)	0.419

Continuous data are presented as mean (standard deviation, range); POD: postoperative day; VAS: visual analogue scale.